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在ICAS竞赛中常常出现一类题:照相 (Take Photos)。这类题在Selective或者奖学金考试 (ACER) 中也很有可能出现,今天我专门就此举几个例子:
例一: A, B, C, D and E five students sit in a row to take photos . How many different ways can they sit together?
本题是最基本的,可以采用Making a list 的方法,但是否有更加简单的计算方法?
例二:A, B, C, D and E five students sit in a row to take photos. How many different ways can they sit if A and B want to sit together?
例三:A, B, C, D and E five students sit in a row to take photos, however, A and B don’t want to sit together, how many different ways can they sit?
例二在例一的基础上发生了一些变化,这题在ICAS考试中曾经出现过。例三又是例二 的变形,如果例二会做了,那么例三也是水到渠成的事了。
如果说第一题用making a list的方法还能对付的话(已经很费时了),那么第二题和第三题如果还是用老思路,其工作量和复杂性真是难以想象,所以必须找到简易的方法。
例四:A, B, C, D and E five students sit in a row to take photos. A and B are good friends, they want to sit together, however, C doesn’t want to sit next to A. How many different ways can they sit?
情况越来越复杂了,小朋友不妨挑战一下。这四题由浅入深,循序渐进,对训练学生的逻辑思维能力很有好处。
答案我稍后给出。 |
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