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Answer:
1. A and B don't mean the same thing. When one loads bricks onto a wagon, it can be any amount, even a couple of ones. But when one loads the wagon with bricks,the implication is that the wagon is full. This subtle difference, which linguists call the holism effect, can be seen with other locative verbs, such as spray or stuff.
2. In C/D, there are two categories of verbs. There are some verbs that can take part in a locative alternation --that is, they allow you to say either smear grease on the axle or smear the axle with grease: brush, dab,daub, plaster, rub, slather, spread...
There are some verbs that resist the locative alternation like "pour", dribble, drip, drop, funnel, ladle, spill, spoon, shake, siphon...
In the first list, the agent applies force to the substance and the surface simultaneously, by pushing one against the other. In the second, the agent allows gravity to do the work. It is the difference between causing and letting, between acting on something directly and acting on it via an intermediary force....
There are many more similar micro-classes of verbs that are different simply because of different mental perception of physics.
(adapted from Steven Pinker's theory)
[ 本帖最后由 kingsford 于 2008-12-4 20:50 编辑 ] |
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