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[其他] 隔锅饭会不会比较香:美国怎么样。 [复制链接]

发表于 2007-12-12 17:40 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 小茉莉 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 小茉莉 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
最近因为一些个人原因
开始盲人摸象的去了解美国的学习工作和生活


在袋鼠国还没有活明白呢
又要折腾

开一个话题
自己存一些搜来的东西

跟感兴趣的人分享
引达人指正
闲着也是闲着
欢迎热烈或者不热烈的讨论
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发表于 2007-12-12 17:45 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 小茉莉 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 小茉莉 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
就说说医疗保险吧:一般的公司都提供两种或者以上的医疗保险供选择.从经济的角度来讲,PPO的premium要比HMO低一些(除非PPO的design非常的rich, 因为HMO大多是100% cover).






--- 这个各个公司的情况不同,要区别对待. 不过我说的是有根据的. See HR consulting firm's report (e.g. AVG PPO employee only monthly premium in 2006 $369, HMO $333)






如果你不是经常去看病的话,选择PPO每月的contribution就少一些.如果预计在下一年要动手术(生孩子也算),则建议你入HMO.否则即使是10%的coinsurance也是够你受的.






双职工家庭还要考虑是各自以employee only的身份入保险便宜还是入成一方的employee+spouse.有小孩的当然要考虑employee + child(ren)的contribution.

其中
PPO - Preferred Provider Organization

HMO - Health Maintenance Organization

各个公司情况不同不能一概而论,但是平均来讲HMO底一点点.

TP Report AVG PPO employee only monthly premium in 2006 $369, HMO $333

不过只要参加工作
通常公司会以好的保险100%的cover(甚至包括孩子)来吸引人才

评分

参与人数 1积分 +4 收起 理由
黑黑 + 4 加油!

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发表于 2007-12-12 18:24 |显示全部楼层
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借宝地跑个题;那位同学知道,像澳足一样著名的,美国论坛网站:)

发表于 2007-12-12 18:33 |显示全部楼层
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看看自己卖多少钱
http://www.salary.com/

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参与人数 2积分 +6 收起 理由
vivian + 3 谢谢奉献
jue_wang999 + 3

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发表于 2007-12-12 19:14 |显示全部楼层
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原帖由 jue_wang999 于 2007-12-12 19:24 发表
借宝地跑个题;那位同学知道,像澳足一样著名的,美国论坛网站:)


6park.com

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发表于 2007-12-12 19:14 |显示全部楼层

thx for sharing

此文章由 vivian 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 vivian 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
wishing to see more about it

some jewish said it is the time to go to USA
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发表于 2007-12-12 20:26 |显示全部楼层
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多谢LS的LS同学(你的名字怎么出不来)

发表于 2007-12-12 20:27 |显示全部楼层
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小茉莉只研究了保险吗?

发表于 2007-12-12 20:58 |显示全部楼层
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今天只看了保险
眼睛花花
慢慢来慢慢来
我时间大把的

发表于 2007-12-13 17:41 |显示全部楼层
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接着来!
搬个凳子坐着看。

发表于 2007-12-13 17:49 |显示全部楼层
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原帖由 jue_wang999 于 2007-12-12 21:26 发表
多谢LS的LS同学(你的名字怎么出不来)

:) 不知道这个网站的言论还是由于太多黄色的东东,直接在大陆登入是进不去的,可试着找个代理服务器啥的
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发表于 2007-12-13 18:06 |显示全部楼层
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请问有研究过上税问题吗?一个朋友的朋友说在那边税前7.5w,到手只有3.xw,不知道是否正确,看上去挺吓人~

发表于 2007-12-13 18:51 |显示全部楼层

不会吧

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不是英联邦国家才高税收高福利吗?

发表于 2007-12-13 20:41 |显示全部楼层
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我都没敢说
怕太刺激人

以我观察的某州为例(估计联邦内会有差异)

商业税为1500万美元以上课35%(再往上有累进增加)
个人投资及股息课税为58000刀以下1%
之后累进增加非常快
一下子升到13%
不课个人所得税

具体哪州恕我不说了
自己感兴趣的州可以自己查一下

发表于 2007-12-13 20:50 |显示全部楼层
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这税不错啊。

小茉莉, 有没有研究401K呢?

发表于 2007-12-13 20:50 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 童心的魔镜 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 童心的魔镜 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
美国的个人所得税好像是夫妻两人加在一起算的,如果老公的收入是10万,老婆的纯收入可能真的就只有睡前收入的一半了。不像在澳洲各算各得,政府比较支持家庭主妇走向社会。
然后孩子的childcare的费用澳洲便宜,还可以抵税。

都是打电话拉家常时随便聊的一些信息,所以数据无法很精确。
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发表于 2007-12-13 20:51 |显示全部楼层
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原帖由 小茉莉 于 2007-12-13 21:41 发表
我都没敢说
怕太刺激人

以我观察的某州为例(估计联邦内会有差异)

商业税为1500万美元以上课35%(再往上有累进增加)
个人投资及股息课税为58000刀以下1%
之后累进增加非常快
一下子升到13%
不课个人 ...


到哪里查?个人收入不用上税?

发表于 2007-12-13 20:52 |显示全部楼层
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个人觉得,如果有机会的话,去美国闯闯蛮好的的.

发表于 2007-12-13 21:01 |显示全部楼层
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原帖由 黑黑 于 2007-12-13 21:50 发表
这税不错啊。

小茉莉, 有没有研究401K呢?


有听说过
还没有查到呢

搜索的话
以自己的专业比较好找工作的州为关键字
google一下就可以了

发表于 2007-12-13 21:10 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 小茉莉 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 小茉莉 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
原帖由 thornleighman 于 2007-12-13 21:52 发表
个人觉得,如果有机会的话,去美国闯闯蛮好的的.


这要看各人了
所处的人生状态不同
对机会的认识也不一样

如果你身处我的处境
可能你宁可每年在澳大利亚算计怎么退税

综合考虑
气候
福利
子女
工作
住房
生活的安逸程度

也不一定就得再闯

退一万步
要是在澳洲闯不出来(尤其是在现在的经济景气度下)
未必换个国家就能有多大改观
(实话实说,多有得罪

发表于 2007-12-13 21:24 |显示全部楼层

回复 20# 的帖子

此文章由 thornleighman 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 thornleighman 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
哈哈,不清楚人家情况,不要乱说话!

而且,说实话,澳洲崇美心态严重是一方面.

另外,趁着年轻,多走些国家,见识世面也挺好的.

虽然我现在有稳定工作,但我依然还是觉得综合考虑,澳洲更加适合养老.

可能我们情况不同,看来您是前辈,又有家庭又有其他很多负担包袱,自然会觉得走不开了.

而且,说句难听点的话,如果活着只是为了挣钱,工作只是为了挣钱, 那还不如去混KINGSCROSS好啦!!!

有些经历,是用钱都买不到的. 安稳日子在国内一样过,而且还是舒服地上层. 在澳洲除非你嫁上流社会的鬼老,否则永远混不进真正意义上的上流社会.

当然,如果拖儿带女,又有老婆/老公,那还是安稳呆在澳洲好好过日子吧.

P.S.拜托,老大,是你自己发帖问美国怎么样的耶!!!! 你要觉得目前生活OK,那你还问个啥,继续过日子.
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发表于 2007-12-13 22:14 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 小茉莉 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 小茉莉 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
原帖由 thornleighman 于 2007-12-13 22:24 发表
哈哈,不清楚人家情况,不要乱说话!

P.S.拜托,老大,是你自己发帖问美国怎么样的耶!!!! 你要觉得目前生活OK,那你还问个啥,继续过日子.


我不清楚你
你也不清楚我

我可不是来问的
问也不会在austeps

我在自己做功课
跟感兴趣的人讨论

你主动想闯
和我被动被公司外派能从一个视角来看美国么?

我这个贴子
只想记录事实
不想鼓吹
也不想给别人泄气

你有劲你闯好了
有必要告诉全世界么

发表于 2007-12-13 22:22 |显示全部楼层
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原帖由 然然 于 2007-12-13 21:50 发表
美国的个人所得税好像是夫妻两人加在一起算的,如果老公的收入是10万,老婆的纯收入可能真的就只有睡前收入的一半了。不像在澳洲各算各得,政府比较支持家庭主妇走向社会。
然后孩子的childcare的费用澳洲便宜,还可 ...


单从这点来说
如果夫妻双方一方以E3赴美
(条件是公民,需以美国公司或澳驻美分公司offer申请,必须跟专业相关,要求本科学历或以上。)
另一方的E3D自动获得工作许可
且不要求专业相关

如果是澳洲的PR
只能以H1B
配偶的H4是不可以工作的

近年对H1B的条件有稍许放宽
我没多研究
感兴趣的可以自己搜索

发表于 2007-12-13 23:08 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 黑黑 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 黑黑 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
我上网看到一个Kaiser HMO family的表格,大概月费在$80:
-----------------------------------
line 1, Calendar yr 2007 Deductible (hospital only):     $1,000 per family
line 2, co-insurance:                                             plan plays 90% Hospital Inpatient
line 3, Calendar yr 2007 out-of-pocke maximum:        $6000 per family
line 4, Preventive Care :                                       plan pays 100% after %20 co-payment
line 5, Prescriptions :                                            $30 Retail (30 day supply)
                                                                                   $60  Mail Order (100 day supply)
line 6, Chriopractic :                                                            $15 per visit, max. 20 visits/year
----------------------------------------------------

今天又看了第二遍更明白了。
line1, 就是住院$1,000以下是不能‘报销’的。
line2, 就是$1,000以上的费用, 这个计划给你‘报销’90%
line3, 你最多自付$6,000. 之上的全'报销'
line4, 预防性检查,比如一年一次的体检。20% co-payment 以后100%报销。 这个没太懂, 20% co-payment,从哪里引来的?
line5, 处方药吗? 还分零售的(retail)和邮购的(mail order)? 呵呵。  一年才$30or $60?

[ 本帖最后由 黑黑 于 2007-12-14 19:05 编辑 ]

发表于 2007-12-13 23:24 |显示全部楼层
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又看到Aetna PPO family (network之内)的表格, 大概月费在$80:
---------------------------------
line1, Canlendar yr 2007 deductible    $2,400
line2, Co-insurance                  Plan pays 90% after deductible satisfied
line3, Calendar yr 2007 out-of-pocket maximum   $5,000
line4,  Preventive Care:            Plan pays 100%, no deductible
line5, Retail prescriptions:      Plan pays 90% after deductible satisfied.
-----------------------------------------

今天又看了一遍大概明白了。
line1, 就是你$2,400一下是不能‘报销’的。
line2, 就是$2,400以上的费用, 这个计划给你‘报销’90%
line3, 每年自付最多$5000, 以上的全部’报销‘
line4, 预防性的检查, 比如一年一次的体检。  100%报销, 没有自负的(deductible)这一部分。
line5, 大概是零售的处方药? 可以在$2,400之上报销90%。

另外, 看mitbbs上的讨论, 也是PPO一面倒, 可以不通过内科医生直接找专科医生, out-of-pocket 费用高点。-“ the most obvious one is for PPO, you don't need your primary physician refer you to a specialist. If you want to see a specialist, then you can just contact a specialist and make an appointment on your own.   other than that, the out-of-pocket amount might be a little bit higher for PPO than HMO sometimes.”

[ 本帖最后由 黑黑 于 2007-12-14 19:01 编辑 ]

发表于 2007-12-14 01:05 |显示全部楼层
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真得找人问问了
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发表于 2007-12-14 01:23 |显示全部楼层

401k

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401(k) frequently asked questions
1. How much money can I put into my 401(k) account?
The maximum pre-tax contribution dollar amount is set by law and adjusted for inflation annually. The 2007 pre-tax contribution limit is $15,500. If you are age 50 or older you may also make an additional catch-up contribution of $5,000 per year. Some plans may offer you the option to contribute on an after-tax basis which is not included in the $15,500 limit. Note that plans may restrict employee contributions to an amount less than $15,500, and may also choose not to permit catch-up contributions.
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2. What is the difference between investing pre-tax and after-tax contributions?
The difference between the two types of contributions is when you are taxed. Pre-tax contributions and earnings are taxed only when you withdraw it. Since the money that would normally be paid in taxes goes directly into the plan, pre-tax contributions can accumulate quickly. However, if you need to withdraw money prior to age 59½ you may incur a 10% withdrawal penalty, in addition to owing current income taxes. After-tax contributions are taxed before they are put into the plan. Although you won't owe taxes on your contributions when you take a withdrawal, you will be taxed on the earnings and may be subject to an early withdrawal penalty on the interest earned if you do so before age 59½.
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3. What pre-tax percentage should I invest when I am starting out?
Any savings is better than nothing and the sooner you get started, the better!! You should maximize your company's match. For example, if your company matches 50 cents on the dollar up to 6%, you should contribute at least 6%. Simply defer as much as you can afford to budget and take full advantage of the tax deferral.
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4. Is it legal for my employer to move my 401(k) account balances to similar investment funds and change investment fund managers?
It is legal. It is your company's responsibility to provide competitively performing funds.
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5. What can I do if I don't like the investment funds that my company offers?
Talk to your human resources representative. Your employer has implemented a retirement savings plan for the employees to utilize and appreciate. It is your employer's fiduciary responsibility to provide competitively performing funds.
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6. Can I withdraw money from my account while I am still working?
Some plans offer loans allowing you to borrow money from your 401(k) account, but you have to pay yourself back with interest. If you fail to pay back the loan it is treated as a withdrawal and the outstanding loan balance will be subject to current income taxes as well as a 10% early withdraw penalty. If your plan doesn't offer loans, you may be able to qualify for a severe financial hardship withdrawal if no other resources are available to you. According to the IRS a hardship withdrawal includes the following:

down payment of primary residence
college tuition for you or your dependents
unreimbursed medical expenses
prevent eviction or foreclosure from your home
Some companies are more lenient than others. Because of the complexity surrounding this issue and varying plan designs, you need to reference your plan document or ask your Human Resources representative for further information regarding plan withdrawals
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7. How is my company match determined?
There are several different methods used to determine the amount your company may contribute to the plan. Some of the more common employee matches include:

fixed percentage - company contributes 25% up to 6% participant deferral
guaranteed percentage - company contributes a pre-determined percentage of participants' pay
discretionary percentage - company contributes a percentage of participants' pay generally based on company profits and subject to change year to year.

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8. Can I stop contributing if I feel I can't afford to?
Most plans allow you to stop contributing at any time though employers are not required by law to do so. Some plans may require specific percentage contribution for a full plan year so be sure to check your plan rules.
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9. What happens to my 401(k) account balances if I choose to leave or am fired from the company?
Your distribution options are the same whether you voluntarily leave or are terminated. If your account balance is more than $5,000, you can leave your money in the plan. If you want to take your money with you, your vested account balance can be rolled into another 401(k) plan with your employer or put into an IRA to avoid early withdrawal penalties.
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10. How long can my former company hold my account balance from my date of termination?
There is no quick, general answer. There are four factors that affect the timing of your distribution:
a) The plan itself may provide a time frame which should be documented in your plan documentation or summary plan description. In some rare cases, distributions are not made until the participant has reached retirement age, usually defined as age 65, even if the participant terminated employment much earlier.
b) Your distribution cannot be processed until after the next valuation date when the plan determines the account balances of participants. Companies can determine account balances daily, monthly, quarterly, semiannually or even annually.
c) How your money is invested can affect how long it will take for you to get your distribution. While most investments can be liquidated quickly, a few, such as some real estate investments, may take longer.
d) Processing your paperwork after the valuation date can take a few days or a few weeks depending on how your plan is managed.
It is important for you to know that your company wants you to have your money just as soon as you do. The company is responsible for and must pay fees on your account balance for as long as your money remains in the plan.
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发表于 2007-12-14 01:23 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 小茉莉 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 小茉莉 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
11. What information and reports is my employer required to provide me with on my 401(k) plan?
Your employer must provide you with a Summary Plan Description and an annual statement of your account information. You have a legal right to ask the plan administrator for a copy of the plan's latest Form 5500 or Form 5500-C/R, the summary plan description, the plan document, the trust agreement setting up the plan, if separate from the plan, and any collective bargaining contract, if appropriate, and any other instrument under which the plan was established or is operated. In addition, you will often be provided a prospectus for every fund offered in the plan, but this is not legally required. If your company's stock is offered in the plan you are required to receive a prospectus on the company stock fund.
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12. How soon does my employer have to deposit my contributions deducted from my pay into my 401(k) account?
Government regulations require that participant contributions to a 401(k) be deposited to the plan on the earliest date that they can be reasonably segregated from the employer's general assets, but in no event may they be deposited later than the 15th business day of the month following the month in which the participant contributions are deducted from their pay. Please note that your employer can not wait until the 15th business day of the month following the month in which your contribution was deducted just for the convenience of doing so. If they can deposit the funds sooner, they must do so.
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13. I still have a 401(k) account with my former employer. I would like to transfer this account into my IRA. Can this be done? If so, are there any penalties?
Yes, this can be done and is referred to as a trustee to trustee transfer. You need to request the distribution forms from your former employer. Make sure you open your new IRA before the transfer so that you can provide the account information on the required forms. There are no penalties with a trustee to trustee transfer, but if you allow your former employer to send the funds directly to you and not to your new IRA, they will be required to deduct and remit 20% of the total to the IRS.
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14. What are the rules regarding hardship withdrawals from my 401(k)?
Hardship withdrawals are allowed by law but your employer is not required to provide this option in your plan. The cost of administering such a program can be prohibitive for many small companies. Your summary plan description (SPD) will state whether or not your employer allows withdrawals in your plan.The IRS code that governs 401(k) plans provides for hardship withdrawals only if: (1) the withdrawal is due to an immediate and heavy financial need; (2) the withdrawal must be necessary to satisfy that need (i.e. you have no other funds or way to meet the need); (3) the withdrawal must not exceed the amount needed by you; (4) you must have first obtained all distribution or nontaxable loans available under the 401k plan; and (5) you can’t contribute to the 401(k) plan for 6 months following the withdrawal.The following four items are considered by the IRS as acceptable reasons for a hardship withdrawal:

Un-reimbursed medical expenses for you, your spouse, or dependents.
Purchase of an employee’s principal residence.
Payment of college tuition and related educational costs such as room and board for the next 12 months for you, your spouse, dependents, or children who are no longer dependents.
Payments necessary to prevent eviction of you from your home, or foreclosure on the mortgage of your principal residence.
Hardship withdrawals are subject to income tax and, if you are not at least 59½ years of age, the 10% withdrawal penalty. You do not have to pay the withdrawal amount back.
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15. What are the general rules regarding loans from a 401(k)?
The rules governing 401(k) plans allow plans to provide loans, but do not mandate that an employer make it a plan feature. Your summary plan description (SPD) will state whether or not your employer allows loans in your plan.Most of the time loans are only allowed for the following reasons: (1) to pay education expenses for yourself, spouse, or child; (2) to prevent eviction from your home; (3) to pay un-reimbursed medical expenses; or (4) to buy a first-time residence. You must pay the loan back within five years, although this can be extended for the first-time home purchase.Usually you are allowed to borrow up to 50% of your vested account balance to a maximum of $50,000 (set by law). Because of the cost, many plans will also set a minimum amount and restrict the number of loans you can have outstanding at any one time. Loan payments will generally be deducted from your payroll checks and, if married, you may need your spouse to consent to the loan. Funds obtained from a loan are not subject to income tax or the 10% early withdrawal penalty. If you should terminate your employment, often any unpaid loan will be distributed to you. This distribution will be subject to income tax and, if you are not at least 59½ years of age, the 10% withdrawal penalty.
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16. I am currently working in the U.S. on a Visa. If I choose to leave the U.S. when my Visa expires, what will happen with my 401(k) account?
To avoid early withdrawal penalties and payment of taxes you can doone of two things: (1) If your account balance is over $5,000, you can leave your 401(k) money in your former employer’s plan. (2) You can roll your account balance into an IRA. You can also request a distribution from the 401(k) plan and take the lump-sum payment. You will have to pay taxes and early withdrawal penalties with the lump sum payment.Top of page

郁闷

发表于 2007-12-14 08:03 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 qqyang 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 qqyang 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
原帖由 小茉莉 于 2007-12-13 21:41 发表
我都没敢说
怕太刺激人

以我观察的某州为例(估计联邦内会有差异)

商业税为1500万美元以上课35%(再往上有累进增加)
个人投资及股息课税为58000刀以下1%
之后累进增加非常快
一下子升到13%
不课个人 ...


楼主可能没有搜到联邦政府也是要课税的,也就是个人所得税是联邦税,不是州税。

我在salary.com上看到,我现在做的类似职位,base salary大概美刀67K,比我现在高一点,但税后大概estimate拿到美刀1917/fornight(two weeks),还没有我现在的税后多啊。

当然,我非常支持LZ的看法,经历有时候是无价的,特别是年轻人,搏得起还是要搏一搏。

我沙盘推演了一下,对于我来说,大概至少过2年,才是适当的时机。不过,Timing正好,那时候,正是我的一个milestone。
Be nice, be calm.

退役斑竹

发表于 2007-12-14 08:14 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 月亮 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 月亮 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
现在去美国,考虑过安全问题吗?

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