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Google AlphaGo computer beats professional at 'world's most complex board game' Go
It was considered one of the last great challenges between man and machine but now, for the first time, a computer program has beaten a professional player of the ancient Chinese game of Go in a defeat that many had not expected for at least another 10 years.
The machine’s victory is being likened to the defeat of reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 by IBM’s Deep Blue computer, which became a milestone in the advance of artificial intelligence over the human mind.
Go, however, is more complex than chess with an infinitely greater number of potential moves, so experts were surprised to find that computer scientists had invented a suite of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that taught the computer how to win against Europe’s top player.
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The program, called AlphaGo, defeated European champion Fan Hui by a resounding five games to nil in a match played last October but only now revealed in a scientific study of the moves and algorithms published last night in the journal Nature. A match against the current world Go champion, Lee Sedol from South Korea, is now scheduled for March.
It was the first time a computer had won against a professional Go player on a full-sized board without any handicaps or advantages given to either side, said Demis Hassabis of Google DeepMind, the AI arm of Google in London, who helped to write the program.
Go rules
The rules of Go are deceptively simple and no luck is involved. Two players – one black, one white – start with an empty board by placing one of their pieces or “stones” on a position, from where it does not move. The winner is the first to fill more than half the board with their stones. It is possible to take an opponent’s stone by completely surrounding it with your stones. Children and adults can easily play against each other and a handicap system allows players of different strengths to play with a 50 per cent chance of winning.
“Go is the probably the most complex board game humans play. There are more configurations of the board than there are atoms in the Universe. In the end, AlphaGo won 5-nil and it was perhaps stronger than even we were expecting,” Mr Hassabis said.
“AlphaGo discovered for itself many of the patterns and moves needed to play Go. Go is considered to be the pinnacle of AI research – the holy grail. For us, it was an irresistible challenge,” he said.
Computer chess programs work by analysing every possible move on the board but this is relatively straightforward when there are about 20 possible moves for each stage of the game. In Go, however, there are about 200 possible moves, making the task of writing a winning program far more difficult.
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今天拿到offer，总结面试经历 (2011-5-17) 东亚海盗 
发表于 2016-1-28 14:29
