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心血管疾病词汇I．I 心脏结构心房 atria (单数为atrium) 心室ventricle 主动脉aorta 主动脉瓣aortic valve 二尖瓣mitral valve 三尖瓣tricuspid valve 冠状动脉coronary arteries肺动脉pulmonary artery肺静脉pulmonary veins 肺动脉瓣pulmonary valve瓣尖cusps of valve
窦房结sinus node房室结atrioventricular(AV) node
气管windpipe声带vocal chord胸骨sternum(breastbone) 腹股沟groin
II． 症状
既往史episode 症状sympton疾病发作一次bout警示信号warning sign
心紧tight 心被抓gripping 心被挤压squeezing心脏有杂音heart murmur
不舒服 discomfort unpleasant 心脏仃跳cardiac arrest 堵塞clog 血斑plaque 血栓 clot疤scar
头晕dizziness,dizzy 头轻 light-headede 精神愉快brisk
呼吸短促 short of breath 突出冷汗break out in a cold sweat 恶心nausea 酸痛sore知觉sensation急性acute唾液saliva过敏allergies 颤抖quiver or fibrillate麻木numbness微弱而无规律跳动flutter 昏眩faintness肿胀swell无胃口loss of appetite挫伤bruising
不正常心律arrhythmias 心律heart rhythm窦性心律sinus rhythm
心脏病发作heart attack
心肌梗塞(MI)myocardial infarction 冠状动脉闭塞coronary occlusion 冠状动脉血栓coronary thrombosis 冠状动脉粥样化atheroma 动脉硬化atherosclerosis 心绞痛angina 冠心病(CHD) coronary heart disease中风、卒中stroke局部缺血ischaemia输血blood transfusion房窦综合症sick sinus syndrome心动过緩bradycardia心动过速tachycardia室上性心动过速SVT(supraventricular tachycardia)心房扑动atrial flutter房颤atrial fibrillation室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia心悸ralpitation心跳快thumping heartbeat
阵发性室上性心动过速PSVT(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)阵发性房性心动过速PAT(paroxysmal atrial tachycardia)沃尔夫帕金森白色综合症wolff-parkinson-white syndrome
瓣膜狭窄stenotic valve不称职的瓣膜incompetent valve反流瓣膜regurgitant valve心内膜炎endocardities细菌性心内膜炎bacterial endocardities
III.治疗
每分钟都重要every minute counts
冠心病病房CCU(coronary care unit)重症监护病房ICU(intensive care unit)
搭桥bypass surgery,CABG(发音:Cabbage),coronary artery bypass graft surgery冠状动脉造影coronary angiogram,cardiac catheterisation 冠状动脉血管修复术coronary angioplasty支架stent分二种,涂药支架DES(drug-eluting stents)不涂药支架BMS(bare metal stents)
植入式心脏转复除颤器ICD(implantable cardiac defibrillator) 人工心脏起搏器artifical pacemaker 溶栓冶疗thrombolytic therapy
心肺复苏术CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) 电击defibrillator 贴片patch 局麻local anaesthetic导管catheter 去颤defibrillation复律cardioversion
心脏康复cardiac rehabilitation开胸手术open-heart surgery导管消融术catheter ablation切口incision小孔puncture感染infection伤口护理wound care监督oversee, supervision绷带strip of tape
瓣膜修补valve repair人工环prosthetic ring成形环annuloplasty ring球襄瓣膜切开术balloon valvotomy
换瓣膜valve replacement生物组织瓣膜biological tissue valve机械瓣膜mechanical valve心肺仪heart-lung machine
麻醉师anaesthetist治疗专家therapist理疗师physiotherapist营养师dietitian
肝炎hepatities骨质疏松osteoporosis十二指肠溃痬duodenal ulcer 肺炎pneumonia病毒viruse心理psychological
胆固醇cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白LDL(low density lipoprotein)<2.0 mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白HDL>1.0 mmol/L三酸甘油酯triglyceride<1.5 mmol/L
收缩压/扩张压systole/diastole (130/80),血糖指数blood glucose levels
出院hospital discharge 力量训练resistance training平地flat ground 坡地up hill过份伸展身体straining久坐sedentary体力活physical activity工作中午歺时休息sigh up
IX检查
心电图ECG(electrocardiogram)运动心电图stress ECG, stress test, exercise treadmil超声心电图echocardiogram心脏压力核测试nuclear cardiac stress test 鉈运动扫描exercise thallium scan双同位素跑步机dual isotope treadmill运动核扫描exercise nuclear scan磁共振成像MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)倾斜试验tilt test电生理研究electrophysiology studies 24小时心电图holter ECG
X用药
b阻断剂b-blockers
血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂ACE(angiotesin converting enzyme inhibitors) 血管紧张素受体阻抗剂，沙坦类ARA(angiotensin receptor antagonists) 血液稀择剂blood thinner 阿斯匹林aspirin玻利维clopidogrel(Plavix)
降酯药statins,cholesterol lowing medications 立普妥Lipitor(atorvastatin)
鈣拮抗剂calcium channel blockers,络活喜norvasc波依定plendil
硝酸甘油酯喷雾GTN(glyceryl trinitrate),nitrate spray
药物依赖become addicted to止痛药painkilling medicine ,painkillers, pain-relieving tablet消毒剂antiseptic抗生素antibiotics抗血栓药anti-coagulant(anti-clotting) medicine终生服药lifelong treatment无处方药over the counter medicine扑热息痛paracetamol布洛芬(异丁苯丙胺)ibuprofen绿叶蔬菜leafy green vegetables
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