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原帖由 nzsandra 于 12/1/2009 11:41 发表 
俺马上轮到上医院，在子宫内放个叫Mirena的东西，以缓解俺多年月经过多的症状。
请问有同学放过这个吗？是不是十来分钟就搞定呢？需要打麻药吗？会出很多的血吗/
是不是多长 时间内不能到处乱跑？另外是不是月经 ...
What is Mirena®?
The Mirena® IUD/IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device), also known as an intra-uterine system, is a small plastic device that is fitted into the uterus within a couple of minutes by a trained doctor and can stay in place for up to five years. It differs
from other IUDs as it gradually releases the hormone levonorgestrel, a progesterone-like hormone, into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
How does it work?
Mirena® prevents sperm from fertilising an egg and/or prevents an egg from implanting in the uterus. In some women it may also prevent ovulation.
Mirena® may be suitable for women approaching menopause as it can be used as the progestogen component of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), whilst also protecting against pregnancy.
Will it work immediately?
Mirena® is effective immediately and should be inserted between the first to the seventh day of your cycle, where day one is the first day of your period. It can also be inserted immediately after a termination of pregnancy. If inserted as part of HRT, it is inserted during a period or at any time if there are no periods.
If you are using other methods of contraception and are changing to Mirena®, you will need to discuss with your doctor when is the best time for the device to be inserted to avoid unplanned pregnancy.
How long will it last?
Mirena® is a good method for women who want a long term, convenient contraceptive, as it lasts up to five years (although it can be removed at any time).
It is very important to have it removed and/or replaced after this time. You should keep a record of the date that replacement is due and arrange for replacement no later than this date. It is also important to use an alternative method of contraception in the week leading up to the removal of the device as sex during this week could result in unplanned pregnancy after the device is removed.
Your doctor will give you a card which records the date that your Mirena® must be removed/replaced. Ultimately it is your responsibility to make an appointment to visit your doctor.
How effective is it?
Mirena® is 99.9% effective – that is, if 1000 women used it for a year, one of them might become pregnant. Although this is a lower risk than for conventional IUDs and for the contraceptive pill, no contraceptive is 100% effective.
What are the side effects?
The most common side effect of Mirena® is irregular spotting in between periods or unpredictable bleeding, may occur in the first few months after insertion, but almost always settles down in most women. In general, women experience a reduction in menstrual blood flow and in the number of bleeding days and less painful periods.
This should not be a concern, in fact it is particularly beneficial for women who normally have heavy or long lasting periods and for women who get heavy or long periods when they use a copper IUD (Multiload®).
Other symptoms are rare, but may include vaginal dryness, acne, nausea, breast soreness, headaches and mood changes. In most cases these usually settle down after the first three to five months.
Another side effect is abdominal pain (similar to period cramps) just following the insertion. This can be relieved by resting, placing a hot water bottle on the area and/or by taking mild painkillers.
If you are at all concerned about any symptoms, contact your Marie Stopes International centre on Freecall 1800 003 707 or your doctor.
Who should not use Mirena®?
Before starting Mirena®, you need to inform your doctor if you:
•Might be pregnant
•Have a history of any unusual vaginal bleeding (including irregular bleeding, spotting or no bleeding at all)
•Have an existing infection in the reproductive system or a history of recurrent pelvic infection
•Have had breast cancer or another form of cancer
•Have had an ectopic pregnancy
•Have had a previous infection of the uterus or the tubes
•Have uterine or cervix abnormalities
•Have had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 12 months or are a high risk of contracting an STI.
•Have had previous problems using an IUD
Mirena® may not be suitable for women who have never had a pregnancy, particularly younger women.
What if I want to stop using Mirena®? Is it reversible?
Mirena® is easily reversible and there is no delay in the return to your usual level of fertility. Therefore, it is important that you start using another form of contraception immediately following the removal of the device if you do not wish to become pregnant.
What else should I consider?
•If you experience pain during sexual intercourse, continuous lower abdominal pain, fever and/or unusual and persistent vaginal discharge occurs, this may indicate you have an infection. Please consult your doctor if this occurs.
•If pregnancy occurs with Mirena® in place, it must be removed immediately as there is an increased risk of complications including miscarriage.
•IUDs offer no protection against STIs or HIV/AIDS.
•Although rare (1:1000), there is a possibility that Mirena® may perforate the uterus at the time of insertion. This may require surgery under general anaesthetic to remove the IUD.
Will my partner or I feel the device during intercourse?
Neither you nor your partner should be aware of the IUD during intercourse. If you experience any discomfort you should have the positioning checked by your doctor.
What if I am breastfeeding?
Mirena® is widely considered a very suitable and safe method of contraception in breastfeeding women.
How is Mirena® inserted?
Your doctor will firstly discuss and assess the suitability of Mirena® with you during an initial consultation (including the advantages and disadvantages). Following your consent, the doctor will insert a speculum into your vagina (the same as would
occur if you were having a Pap smear) to view your cervix. The cervix and vagina are then cleaned with antiseptic lotion, and a thin, flexible plastic tube which looks like a straw is then used to insert the Mirena® into the uterus which is then removed. In some cases a small amount of local anaesthetic may be used to numb the cervix. Preparations for fitting usually takes a few minutes but the actual fitting of the Mirena® only takes a few seconds.
Some women may find the insertion moderately uncomfortable or feel slightly faint after insertion or removal of the device. This is a normal reaction which should pass within a few minutes.
To avoid infection, do not insert anything in to the vagina for 48 hours following the insertion of Mirena® (i.e. avoid sexual penetration and use pads instead of tampons for two days after the insertion).
You will be asked to return for your first check-up after your first period, usually about six weeks after insertion. It is also important to have regular check-ups with your doctor once a year to ensure all is well. These check-ups can be conveniently
done at the same time as a Pap smear.
How will I know if it is correctly in place?
Mirena® has two fine nylon strings attached to it which, when in place, comes out through the cervix. It is important for you to learn how to feel for the strings of the device yourself to check it is correctly in place.
How do I check the strings?
As the strings are so fine they usually stick together, so you will probably feel only “one” string. First, wash your hands and get into a squatting position (as you would to insert a tampon) so you can insert one or two fingers deep into your vagina. By reaching right up inside the vagina you will feel the cervix at the far end and feels like the tip of your nose. You should be able to feel the strings coming through the cervix – be careful not to pull on them.
Checking for the strings may sometimes be difficult. If you do have difficulty feeling the strings or if you feel anything unusual such as a hard piece of plastic, you should consult your doctor and use an alternative method of contraception until the placement of the device has been checked. You may require an ultrasound to determine the position of the device. An unusual increase in the amount of bleeding during your period may also indicate that the device may have been dislodged or has fallen out.
NB:
Displacement or expulsion of the device can occur in 3-6 out of 100 insertions, (slightly higher than Multiload®). This is more common in younger women and women who have never had children.
How often do I check the strings?
You should check for strings once a week during the first month after insertion, then once a month after each period, as the device will not be effective if not fully within the uterus.
How is the device removed?
Removal of Mirena® is simpler than the insertion and it can be removed at any time in your cycle and pregnancy is possible from the next cycle onwards. In some cases a small amount of local anaesthetic may be used and the removal only takes a few minutes. Never attempt to remove the device yourself.
Can I get a new one inserted when I remove the old one?
It is possible to have a new Mirena® inserted immediately after the other one is removed.
Where can I get it from?
Mirena® must be inserted by a trained doctor, a gynaecologist, some GPs or a family planning centre.
How much does it cost?
It is available to those with a current Medicare card from Marie Stopes International for approximately $35, plus the cost of insertion. With a valid Centrelink card (health care or pension card) the cost is reduced.
[ 本帖最后由 miaowu 于 2009-1-13 16:18 编辑 ] |
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Easter快到了，发些可爱、应景的lunch box~（做法更新完毕） (2018-3-15) 兔子爱吃肉 
发表于 2009-1-12 12:41
发表于 2009-1-13 14:15
