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19/05/2011
Today, we had some pork buns from the street for breakfast, then we got picked up by Noi, our tour guide from elephant nature park around 8 am. the Elephant nature park is 65km away from the Chiang Mai City. It is a non government, non-profit organization for abandoned or injured domestic elephants in this area. It's founded by this amazing woman called Lek. She is a very little woman with a big heart. She started with one elephant in 1995, now she has over 36 elephants under her care. Their age range is between 22 month to 80 years old. There are 4 male, 2 baby and 30 female elephants. There are a couple of love triangle going on as well. They are herd animals, and they form family groups. The older elephants are very protective of the young. When they feel threatened, they will encircle the young ones, slapping the ground with their trunks. They might even charge at whatever they think is threatening. They eat 3.5 tons of food a day. And each elephant eat 300-400 pounds of fruit and veg every day. And they eat 14-18 hours a day. They eat 10% of their body weight every day. These elephant can get pregnant between 15-50 years old, and the gestation period is nearly 2 years.
She started from 50 acres of land, now she has 150 acres of land. She had a very generous donation from a Texan man many years ago for her to buy this piece of land. When she first set it up, she called it elephant heaven. She went to a temple and got some blessed sacred scarves, and wanted to tie it around the trees in the sanctuary so the local people won't cut them down. The monks were moved by the story, and hundreds of monks came and helped her tie all the blessed scarves around the trees. The locals consider it would bring them bad luck if they cut tress with the blessed scarves.
The complex is very big now, it has an enormous elephant kitchen. 20 volunteers around the world come every week to cut up the vegetables, bathe the elephants, apply medicines. They have volunteer vet students, and vets as well. There is a huge kitchen, and a few huts for volunteers and visitors to live in as well. The common is a big nice and open bamboo pavillion with lots of flowers. Other than elephants, they have 70 dogs (from nearby villages, they love this place. They got fixed and vaccinated for free. They just lie around whole day, elephant/people watching. It was pretty funny), a few cats, and 30-40 water buffaloes. Apparently a three legged horse was arriving that afternoon as well.
She normally get the elephants from circus, trekking companies or private individuals who can't afford to keep them or take care of them, and buy them with donated money or money from the visitors to the park. The park doesn't give commissions to the tour booking companies, so the tour booking companies normally push you to sign up for other elephant camps, elephant treks, elephant "training" camps from which they can get more money from.
Here is Lek's bio if you are interested. (http://www.elephantnaturepark.org/news/elemum.htm ).
We were shown this documentary called Caught in the Moment on the way there. We got all teary because it was really sad.
Thailand is the size of 1/3 of Texas, but it has 1/10 of animal species in the world.Elephants are important part of Thai culture and Thai way of life. They are a traditional symbol of royal power, an essential feature of Buddhist art and architecture, an a spiritual mentor for people of all walks of life.
The domestic ones used to be used heavily in logging industry. The logging was banned in 1989, because the Thai people realized that stripping the forests down made the flood/landslides worse in Monsoon seasons, they needed to preserve the forests. Since Logging was banned, 3000 elephants were out of work and they were unable to return to the wild. Many of them were abandoned, and were treated as pest, some were sold to Burma to do logging there, some ended up working in circus and elephant trekking camps.
There are around 1500 wild elephants left in the jungle, and they are actually protected by law and considered endangered species. The domestic ones are considered livestock, like donkeys and water buffaloes. You can beat them, starve them, neglect them or even kill them without any legal consequences in this country.
Street begging with elephants is still legal in Chiang Mai. The elephants can help the owner to bank in 25 US dollars per night which is more than what many Thai people make for a week. And during the day, the mahouts (Thai name for elephant keeper) and the elephants live in the outskirts of the city in the slums because it's free. The elephants got not enough to eat, not enough water to bathe themselves, and they drink the dirty sewage water, eat out of garbage dumps and sometimes can get very sick. The city life is very stressful for them as well. You can see the little elephants constant rocking back and forth on their feet. They use their feet to feel the vibrations on the ground. The constant stimulation from surrounding cars, buses, tuk tuk and people stresses them out. The small elephants normally get more money compare to the big ones, so the breeding program for elephants is very popular as well, to make more money out of baby elephants.
This organization is not against elephant treks, but does not totally support it. They go out to elephant trekking camps, make sure the mahouts know how to treat the elephants properly and provide free medicines to the injured ones. It's fully against the street begging with elephants, and want people to sign a petition and hopefully the government will change the laws in the future.
The working elephants were beaten into submission. Some of them even became blind from the hooks the mahouts used to train them poking in their eyes, and the mahouts would get no punishment. Normally the male elephants get far more injuries than the female ones because they got more fight in them. Traditionally, they train the young elephants when they are around 4 years old. It's part of the tradition in the hill tribes. They put the baby elephant in a small caged called training crush to crush their ego. It's probably the first time the baby elephant is separated from his/her mother and he/she could be very confused and scared. Once in this tight small cage, they aren't not able to move. Their legs are chained together. Then he/she will be beaten whenever he/she tries to struggle. Sometimes they are stabbed in the sensitive inner ears. it normally takes 3 days of constant stabbing and beating to make the elephants learn who is the boss. Hunger, thirst and sleep deprivation will eventually turn them into submission. Sometimes they can get bad infections from the wounds and wouldn't get any medicine. The tradition is hundreds of years old, but few outsiders know or have seen. The practice helps cut the ties to the elephant mother. They believe once they taste the pain, they will learn how to listen. It can last more than 3 days if they are stubborn. The villagers believe it's the only way, and elephants are tools for them, not culture icons. Lek can't do much about it, because it's legal. So she travels to the villages regularly with volunteer vets to give them medicine and dresses their wounds. There are literally no need for domestic elephants in Thai people's lives other than in tourism industry. As long as riding elephants, watching elephants paint, begging elephants are still popular, this practice will go on.
Tourism fueled all the elephant trekking/riding camps, but nothing was done to ensure the elephants' welfare. Lek is trying to set up more proper mahout schools to prevent cruelty, and the trainers wanted to make sure the mahouts have a sense of pride in their profession. They need to form a bond with the elephants.
They also told us many stories about the elephants as well. I have limited brain cells to remember them all, but i think you can check their stories on their website.
Hope is a 6 year old orphan. Her mother was jungle elephant died when he was too young. He wad malnourished and didn't eat or drink for a few days. The villagers have kept him in a cage. They were not sure if he would survive, so they rang Lek. Lek took him, and worried that he was not going to survive. The villagers wanted Hope back when he is healthy again, and make him work. Lek bought him from them, and hoping he never have to work again in his life and be a real elephant, and be released back into jungle one day. He was really sick, Lek was taking care him around the clock for a few month. Feeding formula milk, petting, playing, bathing. He finally got better, and then Hope introduced him to another baby elephant in the park at that time, and they became really good friends. Little elephants can be very naughty. She used positive reinforcement instead of hooks to train him. Always rewarded him when his behavior was good.
Jokia is a female elephant rescued from logging. (her full story was here. http://www.elephantnaturepark.org/herd/jokia.htm). She is blind in both eyes. When Lek first saw her, she was unsteady on her feet. Lek asked what was wrong with her. She was told she was blind, but because she was still young, they made her still work for the treks. She used to work in logging industry, after it was banned, the owner couldn't afford to keep her and sold her to trekking company. She was heavily pregnant, but they still made her work. She gave birth while working, the baby rolled down the hill, and died. She was very upset, couldn't eat or work. When she was walking, she walked very slowly. The mahout tried to force her to work with hooks, she swing her trunk at him, and injured him. He was very angry and stabbed her both eyes. Lek bought her for 2000 dollars and brought her to the sanctuary. She was so mentally distressed, it took them a very long time to drive her to the park. She nearly destroyed her trunk in the truck that Lek had to walk with her for the last 3km to the park. Now she has adopted Hope as her son and they are very tight together.
Malai Tong is a female elephant. She was born in the 80s, and she lost part of her foot from landmines working in logging near the borders. Then she was begging on the street until the police ordered the mahout to take her away. One of her back foot is badly disfigured and can't be operated on at this moment because they think she could be pregnant. They couldn't do scan on her because she was kicking everyone away. You can see her standing there, constantly swinging that back foot. The vet is applying herbal medicine to it every day.
Medo was born in the 70s. She was made to work in logging industry when she was 8. She had a bad accident, and broke her back. They never reset her back, and because they couldn't use her to work anymore, they used her for breeding. They chained her to the ground. Unfortunately, the male elephant was really aggressive and attacked her. It took her 3 years to recover, and the owner kept her hidden for 15 years in isolation because he was so ashamed of her condition. No camps would take her either. When she first came to the sanctuary, she took a long time to adjust because she didn't see any elephants for 15 years. You can see the way she was walking that her back is broken. It's really hard to watch. Now she made friends at the park which is really good for her.
Rainbow is new. He has been rescued recently from an elephant camp, he is still very sick with tumor and hook scars on the forehead. He hasn't made any friends yet, but hopefully he will fit in soon.
One of the elephant is a recovering drug addict. She used to work near the border of Burma, and the owner was feeding her Amphetamine so she could work longer hours. When Lek first saw her, her eyes looked crazy. Now she is recovering.
Another elephant, i can't remember the name of, was part of the circus. She front legs were trained together for years, when the first took the chain off, she couldn't walk properly. She had lots of scars on her legs as well. She was doing jumps. Then, she got better, but sometimes when she get scared or stressed, she would do the jumps again. They think she has psychological problems from previous life.
Bun Tun was another elephant with a sad story. He was in the jungle, he got drugged by some illegal tusk smugglers, and chained to the tree, and they cut his tusks off, very close to his face. He had chronic infections, because the wound was too close to the face. He wouldn't let any people near him at first because he has been traumatized by human. It took a while before Lek's team could apply medicine on his face. Now he is recovering.
There are so many stories. Just imagine if the elephants could talk, what kind of stories they would tell you.
We met Lek in the end as well. She and Noi introduced most of the elephants to us and told us the stories. We fed them lots of fruits and vegetables, patted them, went to the river and bathed them. One of the elephant gave me a big kiss on my face (and my LEFT EYE. i got mucus all over the place. ). We spent a little bit time with the 2 two year old elephants as well. However, the adult elephants got spooked occasionally, and we had to run to the safety area. They are very protective of their young. They are truly gentle giants. I hope the rest of the working elephants can get to live like them one day.
Lek is pushing for habitat protection, better laws, and new elephant training methods.Maybe one day law will change, both wild and domesticated elephants will be protected by law. Lek buy them and keep them in her sanctuary for now.
This is amazing trip. No, we didn't ride them today, we didn't watch them paint or do fancy tricks, but we saw them living happily in their natural habitat, recovering, and learning how to live in the jungle again. If you ever visit Chiang Mai, I fully suggest you to visit this park. This is probably the highlight of my Thailand trip.
Love,
Wei |
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