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原文来自:http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/awst/2011/01/03/AW_01_03_2011_p18-279564.xml&headline=China%27s%20J-20%20Stealth%20Fighter%20In%20Taxi%20Tests
翻译如下，请指正错误：
China’s first known stealth aircraft just emerged from a secret development program and was undergoing high-speed taxi tests late last week at Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute’s airfield. Said to be designated J-20, it is larger than most observers expected—pointing to long range and heavy weapon loads.
中国的第一种隐身飞机最近刚刚从一个秘密的开发计划中浮现，并且上周正在成都飞机设计院（成飞）的试飞场进行滑行试验。这架被认为是J20的飞机，比大多数关注者的预想要大 – 意味着更大的作战半径以及更大的武器装载。
Its timing, Chengdu’s development record and official statements cast doubt on U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates’s 2009 prediction (in support of his decision to stop production of the Lockheed Martin F-22) that China would not have an operational stealth aircraft before 2020.
届时，成飞的开发记录以及官方声明让人们对于美国国防部长罗伯特盖茨的一次预测产生了怀疑。他于2009年预测（当时是为了支持他停止生产洛克希德马丁F22战斗机的决定）中国不会在2020年之前拥有隐身战斗机。
The debut of the J-20 was announced in a November 2009 interview on Chinese TV by Gen. He Weirong, deputy commander of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. The general said a “fourth-generation” fighter (Chinese terminology for a stealth fighter) would be flown in 2010-11 and be operational in 2017-19.
J20第一次被提及是在2009年11月份对中国人名解放军空军副总司令He Weirong将军的采访中。这位将军说一种4代机（汉语中对隐身战斗机的说法）会在2010-2011年被试飞，然后在2017-2019年装备部队。
The J-20 is a single-seat, twin-engine aircraft, bigger and heavier than the Sukhoi T-50 and the F-22. Comparison with ground-service vehicles points to an overall length of 75 ft. and a wingspan of 45 ft. or more, which would suggest a takeoff weight in the 75,000-80,000-lb. class with no external load. That in turn implies a generous internal fuel capacity. The overall length is close to that of the 1960s General Dynamics F-111, which carries 34,000 lb. of fuel.
J20是一种单座双发飞机，比苏霍伊的T50和美国F22更大更重。通过和地勤车辆的比较，J20全长应该会有75英尺，翼展45英尺或更多，这意味着如果不计算额外负载，起飞重量会达到75000-80000英镑级别。这样又意味着内部燃油容量会很大。这样的长度接近1960年的General Dynamics F111战斗机，F111能够装载34000英镑的燃料。
The J-20 has a canard delta layout (like Chengdu’s J-10) with two canted, all-moving vertical stabilizers (like the T-50) and smaller canted ventral fins. The stealth body shaping is similar to that of the F-22. The flat body sides are aligned with the canted tails, the wing-body junction is clean, and there is a sharp chine line around the forward fuselage. The cant angles are greater than they are on the Lockheed Martin F-35, and the frameless canopy is similar to that of the F-22.
J20拥有鸭翼三角布局（与成飞J10相似），以及两个倾斜的全动式垂直尾翼（如T50），以及小一些的腹鳍。隐形机身与F22相似。平的机身侧面与倾斜的机尾对齐，翼身融合干净利落，同时在机身前部有一条锐利的融合线。倾斜角比洛克希德马丁公司的F35更大，无框架的座舱与F22类似。
The engines are most likely members of the Russian Saturn AL-31F family, also used on the J-10. The production version will require yet-to-mature indigenous engines. The inlets use diverterless supersonic inlet (DSI) technology, first adopted for the F-35 but also used by Chengdu on the J-10B—the newest version of the J-10—and the Sino-Pakistani JF-17 Thunder.
飞机引擎很可能是同样被用于J10的俄罗斯土星公司的AL-31F家族成员。产品化之后，会被要求安装目前正在成熟化的国产引擎。进气口使用无导向超音速进气技术（DSI）。这种技术第一次被F35使用，后来被
J10B（最新版J10）使用，同样也被用于中国-巴基斯坦的JF17雷电战斗机。
The main landing gears retract into body-side bays, indicating the likely presence of F-22-style side weapon bays ahead of them. The ground clearance is higher than on the F-22, which would facilitate loading larger weapons including air-to-surface munitions. Chinese engineers at the Zhuhai air show in November disclosed that newly developed air-to-ground weapons are now required to be compatible with the J-20.
主起落架收入机身两侧的仓位，意味着在它们之前可能存在F22式的两侧武器舱。机身到地面的距离高于F22，这会帮助装载更大的武器，包括空对面（地面/海面）弹药。中国的工程师在11月份的珠海航空展览会上透露，新开发的空对地武器现在被要求和J20兼容。
Features at the rear of the aircraft—including underwing actuator fairings, axisymmetrical engine exhausts and the ventral fins—appear less compatible with stealth, so the J-20 may not match the all-aspect stealth of the F-22. There are two possible explanations for this: Either the aircraft seen here is the first step toward an operational design, or China’s requirements do not place as much stress on rear-aspect signatures.
飞机后部特征- 包括后翅器整流罩，不对称的引擎排气以及腹鳍 – 看上去对隐身是不利的，所以J20的隐身性能可能不如F22那样的全方位隐身。对此可能存在两种解释：要么这里看到的飞机只是最终产品设计的第一步，要么中国被没有把太多精力投入到尾部设计。
The major open question at this point is whether the J-20 is a true prototype, like the T-50, or a technology demonstrator, with a status similar to the YF-22 flown in 1990. That question will be answered by whether, and how many, further J-20s enter flight testing in the next 12-24 months.
现在一个尚待回答的问题是，J20是否是一种真正类似于T50的原型机，或者仅是一种类似于90年代的YF22技术验证机。接下来的1-2年是否还有J20以及多少J20参与试飞，将会回答这个问题。
Developing an effective multi-mission stealthy aircraft presents challenges beyond the airframe, because it requires a sensor suite that uses automated data fusion, emission control and low-probability-of-intercept data links to build an operational picture for the pilot without giving away the aircraft’s own location.
开发一种有效的多用途隐身战斗机带来的挑战性超过机身设计，因为这要求被用于自动数据融合，喷气控制以及低拦截可能性数据链的传感器组件能够在不抛弃自身飞机位置的情况下给予飞行员可操作性图像。
A rapid development program would be a challenge for China’s combat aircraft industry, which is currently busy: The J-10B, FC-17 and Shenyang’s J-11B and carrier-based J-15 are all under development. However, the progress of China’s military aviation technology has been rapid since the first flight of the J-10 in 1996, owing to the nation’s growing economy and the push by the People’s Liberation Army for a modernized military force in all domains. Before the J-10, China’s only indigenous production combat aircraft were the Shenyang J-8 and Xian JH-7, reflecting early-1960s technology from Russia and Europe.
一个快速开发项目会给中国战斗机产业带来挑战，这个产业当前忙于J10B，FC17以及J11B和舰载机J15的开发。然而，中国军用航空技术自从1996年J10首飞以来发展迅速，这可归结于这个国家快速发展的经济，以及人民解放军在各个领域要求军事现代化的推动。在J10之前，中国唯一的国产战斗机是沈阳的J8和西安的JH7，这只能达到俄罗斯和欧洲1960年代早期的科技水平。
Engine development has lagged airframe development, with reports that the Shenyang WS-10 engine, slated to replace Russian engines in the J-11B, has been slow to reach acceptable reliability and durability levels. That may not be surprising, given that high-performance engine technology is founded on specialized alloys and processes that often have no other uses. (The existence of the J-11B, essentially a “bootleg” version of the Su-27, has been a strain on relationships between the Russian and Chinese industries.)
引擎的开发拖了航空工业发展的后腿，如同报道中的预计替换俄罗斯引擎的沈阳WS10引擎可靠性和耐用性一直发展缓慢。这可能并不让人惊讶，因为高性能引擎技术是基于特殊合金和工艺的，而这种技术并无他用。（作为苏27加强版的J11B的存在，一直是俄罗斯和中国关系中紧张的因素。
Progress with avionics may be indicated by the advent of the J-10B, with new features that include a canted radar bulkhead (normally associated with an active, electronically scanned array antenna), an infrared search-and-track system, and housings for new electronic warfare antennas.
航空电子业的进展，可能会被J10B的降临表现出来。J10B会拥有一个倾斜的雷达罩（一般会关联着主动电子扫描阵列天线），一个红外搜索追踪系统 ，以及为新式火控系统留下空间。
One question that may go unanswered for a long time concerns the degree to which cyberespionage has aided the development of the J-20. U.S. defense industry cybersecurity experts have cited 2006—close to the date when the J-20 program would have started—as the point at which they became aware of what was later named the advanced persistent threat (APT), a campaign of cyberintrusion aimed primarily at military and defense industries and characterized by sophisticated infiltration and exfiltration techniques.
一个可能会长久没有答案的问题是网络间谍多大程度上会帮助J20的发展。美国国防业网络间谍专家认为2006年（也就是J20计划即将开始的时候），是他们开始认识到后来被称为高级持久威胁（APT）的网络攻防的时候。这种网络攻防战的基本目标在于军事和国防行业，以非常复杂的网络入侵和保护技术为特征。
Dale Meyerrose, information security vice president for the Harris Corp. and former chief information officer for the director of national intelligence, told an Aviation Week cybersecurity conference in April 2010 that the APT had been little discussed outside the classified realm, up to that point, because “the vast majority of APT attacks are believed to come from a single country.”
Dale Meyerrose（Harris公司的信息安全副主席，前国家情报主管的首席技术官），2010年4月份告诉航空周刊的网络安全会议，APT基本不被在机密领域之外被讨论，因为大多数APT攻击大多被认为来自于一个国家。
Between 2009 and early 2010, Lockheed Martin found that “six to eight companies” among its subcontractors “had been totally compromised—e-mails, their networks, everything,” according to Chief Information Security Officer Anne Mullins.
在2009年到2010年早期，洛克希德马丁公司发现它旗下的“6到8个公司”被“完全妥协（收买） - 电子邮件，网络，一切”，首席信息官Anne Mullins如是说。
The way in which the J-20 was unveiled also reflects China’s use and control of information technology to support national interests. The test airfield is located in the city of Chengdu and is not secure, with many public viewing points. Photography is technically forbidden, but reports suggest that patrols have been permitting the use of cell phone cameras. From Dec. 25 29, these images were placed on Chinese Internet discussion boards, and after an early intervention by censors—which served to draw attention to the activity—they appeared with steadily increasing quality. Substantial international attention was thereby achieved without any official disclosures.
J20被揭开面纱的方式也反映了中国对信息技术的使用和控制是服务于其国家利益的。试飞场坐落于成都市，并不是安全的，因为有很多的公开的视点可以看到。摄像被形式上禁止，但是有报告显示巡逻队可以用手机摄像。从12月25-20日，这些图像被放置到中国Internet讨论版面上，在被早期的审查（被用于引起公众的兴趣）之后，图像以更加好的质量出现。 即使没有任何的官方披露，但是仍然获得了很大的国际性的关注。
Photo Credit: Via Chinese Internet |
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