澳洲生活常识之毒蛇咬伤（5楼更新庭急救措施）

ozdoctor

这个夏天昆士兰州的干旱可能导致更多致命的毒蛇到郊区活动，到7月1日为止昆士兰州救护服务的工作人员已经处理了127有关蛇咬伤的事件。

最近的两起事件包括一位62岁的祖父的死亡，他在自己家草地被毒蛇（taipan or brown snake

， 都剧毒）咬到手臂和一位46岁的凯恩斯女子在坐进自己车子时前腿被咬伤。她被紧急送到医院治疗， 虽然它不知道什么类型的蛇咬住了，但她说昆洲是许多剧毒蛇类的家园。

随着夏季的临近，更多的蛇会进入人口密集的地区寻找水源。

詹姆斯库克大学的教授说，研究显示，受干旱影响的地区的蛇可能会更容易接触到人类通过寻找水源，而且它们觅食的动物也在水边聚集。不过，她呼吁市民不要恐慌，说的在澳大利亚蛇咬死人十分罕见。

居民应保持警惕，避开杂草丛生的地方。一旦被咬，不要洗出自己的伤口，因为医务人员需要提取皮肤上残留的毒液，以确定蛇的类型，以便使用最有效的抗毒血清。

警惕往往是最好的良药。


Queensland's drought could push more deadly snakes into suburban areas this summer and put extra pressure on paramedics who could treat more than a dozen bites a week.

Queensland Ambulance Service staff have already responded to 127 snake-related incidents since July 1 and expect a tally close to 700 by the end of the financial year.

Spokesman Tony Hucker said recent incidents - including the death of a man and hospital treatment of a woman last weekend - were concerning.

The 62-year-old grandfather was bitten on the hand by either a taipan or brown snake as he walked through grass at his Bluewater property.

It came hours before a 46-year-old Cairns woman was struck on the leg when she got in her car at Edmonton.

While it's not known what type of snake bit her, Mr Hucker said the state was home to many highly poisonous varieties.

"Queenslanders and tourists should be alert as the state is home to some of the world's most venomous snakes including the red-bellied black, eastern brown and common death adder," he said.

But with summer approaching, more snakes could move into populated areas in search of water.

James Cook University Professor Lin Schwarzkopf said research showed snakes in drought-affected areas weren't moving as much as they usually would as the temperatures rose.

But, they could be more likely to come into contact with humans in the search for water, she said.

"We know in times when it's dry animals congregate around water," said Professor Schwarzkopf, a researcher in the College of Marine & Environmental Sciences.

"Not only that but their prey is there, too."

However, she urged people not to panic, saying it's rare to die from a snake bite in Australia.

Mr Hucker agreed common sense and a level head were good protections against venomous bites, urging residents to steer clear of iron sheets and long grass as the weather heated up.

He said victims shouldn't wash out their wounds after being bitten because medical staff needed residual venom to identify the snake, and as such, the antidote.

Vigilance, he said, was also often the best medicine.

"Snakes will get out of the way - just be careful and keep (your) eyes out," he said.

老杏

再多讲讲简单家庭急救措施呗

ozdoctor

好的，上面是乡村GP病情通报的信息，我抽空更新一下家庭急救的知识。

ozdoctor

其实澳洲医疗机构推荐的加压制动技术（Pressure Immobilisation Technique）和中国传统的肢体远端绑扎法原理基本相似，但更科学有效，昆洲的卫生系统官网就有详细的介绍（https://www.health.qld.gov.au/po ... ngs/bs_pressure.asp）我会陆续翻译出来。

ozdoctor

加压制动的急救技术是在20世纪70年代创建的。其目的是延缓毒液从咬伤部位的运动进入血液循环，因此“买时间”为病人坚持到医疗治疗的开始。研究表明在被咬区加压和肢体固定制动，很少毒液能到达血流循环中。这个技术最初开发用于治疗蛇咬伤，但它也可以适用于一些其它有毒生物叮咬。
适用范围：
（1）所有种类的澳洲蛇，包括海蛇
（2）漏斗网蜘蛛 （funnel web spiders）
（3）蓝环章鱼
（4）锥壳蜇伤 （cone shell stings）

不适用的情况：
（1）其他类型蜘蛛咬伤
（2）水母蜇伤
（3）石头鱼等鱼类刺（stonefish and other fish stings）
（4）蝎子，蜈蚣，甲虫叮咬

下肢咬伤的急救处理：
（1）拨打000
（2）尽快在咬伤部位实施加压包扎。弹性绷带是最理想的，但如果没有也可使用任何柔性材料， 包括服装，毛巾等撕裂成的条状物，注意连裤袜已经被证明十分管用。
（3）不要试图让衣服脱衣服，因为运动会促使进毒液进入血液循环。保持安静不要动。
（4）绷带包扎开始的部位要从被咬或刺痛的肢体的（远端）下部，虽然这样做可能有一点点毒液向上挤压的危险，但这样绷带会比较舒适，因此可以被更长时间保留（如果需要）。
（5）绷带应该尽量紧张，加压的力度和扭伤脚踝时一样。
（6）绷带应尽可能地向高处的肢体包扎，超过膝盖到大腿。
（7）然后用一个夹板固定咬伤的腿。任何刚性物体可以被用作一个夹板，例如木板或树枝，卷起的报纸等。
（8）把它牢牢地绑定到腿的一侧限制活动。
（9）让患者躺下，保持静止，不要走路或走动，等救护车送往就近医院急诊科。

eguan88

朋友前个月到草丛茂密的地方被毒蛇咬伤, 几天后头晕发汗才发现小腿上的毒牙印.  也不看医生居然好了.

估计是红腹黑蛇?

qingmeisu

（3）不要试图让衣服脱衣服，因为运动会促使进毒液进入血液循环。保持安静不要动。

啥意思？求解

ozdoctor

不要脱衣服或裤子去暴露伤口:)

大牛哥

上周末公园里差点踩到一条小蛇，吓得差点把孩子扔了

ItsThere

ozdoctor 发表于 2015-11-26 16:14
加压制动的急救技术是在20世纪70年代创建的。其目的是延缓毒液从咬伤部位的运动进入血液循环，因此“买时间 ...

这个很细致，国内和这边的方法完全不一样。

linacheng

大牛哥 发表于 2015-11-26 18:24
上周末公园里差点踩到一条小蛇，吓得差点把孩子扔了

幸好！安慰一下。

jennyrick

最怕毒蜘蛛和蛇，希望不要碰到

toshio_yakawa

athleticfrog

前几天在New England National Park偶遇一条Brown Snake, 距离不到两米，立刻断了bush walking的念头