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看长在哪里。
一般不需要做什么，3岁左右会褪去的。可能什么都看不出，也可能留下淡淡的一个胎记。
这个叫strawberry haemangioma，通常在1岁左右长到最大，一般会先长大，再慢慢扁下去。
如果长在cosmetic sensitive的地方，需要去birthmark clinic review，每半年去一次，一般会拍照留记录。如果3-5岁后还是很显著影响美观，儿科医生会refer去plastics整形科，完全不用担心。
http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/f ... ngiomas_of_infancy/
这个是墨尔本皇家儿童医院官网上给小孩家长看的，10年级英文阅读水平。讲得很详细。
实在不放心就让GP写个referral去RCH的birthmark clinic，那里会有医生很耐心地回答你所有的问题。
Haemangiomas of infancy
Haemangiomas are common birthmarks which are usually red or purple. They mostly occur on the head and neck areas and develop shortly after birth.
One in 10 babies will develop a haemangioma and it is more common in girls. Some children can have more than one haemangioma. If you choose to have further children, the risk of them having a similar birthmark is not increased.
Causes
Haemangiomas are caused by an overgrowth of the cells that line blood vessels (arteries and veins). This over growth of cells forms lesions or birthmarks.
Signs and symptoms
Haemangiomas appear in the first weeks of life. They are often confused with a scratch or bruising related to birth trauma.
They then become a flat red patch often with blood vessels you can see. If they are on the skin surface they can look like a strawberry. If they are deeper in the skin they look like a bluish lump. Sometimes they have both a surface and a deep part. Haemangiomas can also grow on the internal organs. These behave in the same way as those on the skin.
Haemangiomas grow fast in the first few months then slow down in the second six months of life. Sometimes they keep growing after the child's first birthday. When they have stopped growing, they tend to stay the same size for a while then start to disappear. Some will go away completely while others will leave behind a soft, fatty lump. The time they take to disappear can be variable. Some will have nearly gone by three years of age, while a small number (less than one in 10) are still there at up to eight or nine years old.
Usually, haemangiomas do not cause any problems. Occasionally, the skin surface can ulcerate (develop a sore). When this happens they can become painful and can bleed, particularly if knocked or infecte d. This is most common in haemangiomas located in the nappy area.
Very rarely, children with a large haemangioma may have other problems including brain, eye and heart problems. However, the vast majority of children do not have these problems.
A separate type of haemangioma is now recognised. Congenital haemangiomas are fully formed at birth. Some stay the same size for many years and others go away over the first few months of life. Another much rarer type of birthmark called a vascular malformation is sometimes confused with haemangioma. These do not go away but grow with the child. They are true birthmarks that remain throughout a person's life.
Treatment
Most haemangiomas disappear by themselves and do not need any treatment. Sometimes a small biopsy of skin is taken to find out what type of haemangioma it is.
Haemangiomas need treatment if:
They are pressing on important structures such as the eyes, nose, ears or windpipe.
It is on your child's eyelid or if it is large and on your child's face. These haemangiomas need urgent treatment to prevent serious problems.
They become ulcerated and painful and do not heal.
Your child has problems with their appearance when they reach school age.
Treatment should be given when the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks involved. All treatments have side effects that your doctor will discuss with you.
Cortisone
Cortisone can be taken by mouth or injected directly into the haemangioma. If this does not work, other medicines such as propranolol, vincristine and interferon may be used.
Laser therapy
Laser treatment can sometimes help treat a haemangioma, especially if used very early in life while the haemangioma is still flat. Laser is a high energy light source. The particular laser used, Candela V-beam pulsed dye laser, only targets blood vessels. (See Kids Health Info factsheet: Dermatological (skin) laser therapy).
This means the laser destroys the blood vessels that make up the birthmark without injuring the skin over the top. An anaesthetic and many treatments may be needed. The possible side effects of laser include ulceration, scarring, infection and the complications of an anaesthetic.
Surgery
In a few cases, haemangiomas are removed by surgery during the first year of life. Usually though, it is more common for surgery to be delayed for several years until the haemangioma has shrunk a lot.
When your child's haemangioma has mostly disappeared there may still be some scarring, loose skin or fatty lumps. These might need surgery or laser therapy.
Care at home
Haemangiomas do not usually need any special care
If the haemangioma bleeds, put firm pressure on the area for 10 minutes, or until the bleeding stops. Tell your child's doctor.
If an ulcer develops, it can be painful and your child may be unsettled or distressed. You should visit the doctor who may prescribe a local anaesthetic cream to help reduce the pain and/or an antibiotic cream for infection. Once you have put the cream on the ulcer, you will need to cover the ulcer with a dressing. Haemangiomas that are ulcerated can be quite slow to heal.
When to come back
If your child's haemangioma bleeds and you cannot stop the bleeding with pressure, contact your local doctor or go to your nearest hospital emergency department.
See your local doctor, dermatologist or paediatrician if your child has an ulcer that is very painful.
Key points to remember
Haemangiomas usually go away by themselves without any treatment. However, some types of haemangiomas will need treatment.
Haemangiomas grow before they go away. This growth can be alarming but it does stop.
Haemangiomas can cause problems either by pressing on body parts, or by affecting your child's self-esteem and social development.
Haemangiomas that are on or very near the eye should receive urgent medical attention to prevent blindness.
For more information
Your local doctor, paediatrician and dermatologist
Australian Vascular Anomalies Service
Contact through the RCH
T: (03) 9345-5522
The Royal Children's Hospital
Dermatology Laser Department
T: (03) 9345 6441
The Royal Children's Hospital
Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery
Support group: Vascular Birthmark Foundation
Kids Health Info factsheet: Dermatologic (skin) laser therapy
Medline Plus: Haemangioma
Children's Hospital Boston: Vascular Anomalies Center
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