为什么比特币 ？ 进展和争论

Hetbert

中国电子商务协会金融科技研究院成立区块链研究中心

日前，中国电子商务协会金融科技研究院区块链研究中心正式成立。该区块链研究中心聚集了一批领域内的专家，未来将就技术研发、商业应用、产业战略等方面进行分享与交流，为创业者提供指引，为行业发展和政策制定提供有价值的参考，从而推动区块链技术服务于中国国民经济的发展。

Hetbert

比特大陆双线布局AI领域？

21分钟前 来源：火球财经  52

比特大陆在被所有的区块链社区唾弃之前，他们完全可以凭借这几年积累的巨额资本成功转型成为一家人工智能芯片公司，而不是继续开发各种各样数字货币矿机来赚取生态崩溃前的最后一笔钱。
当年一个小小的比特币，如今衍生出一条庞大的产业链！从挖矿到交易、从IT精英到资本巨鳄……参与到其中的杂全球早已达千万。而涉足其中的企业同样也是不计其数。

做矿机业务的生意，如今来看虽然蒸蒸日上，但是还有不到400万个比特币未被开发，这座可预知的“金矿”对于那些涉足比特币采矿业务的机构来说，似乎也有“到头之日”。

《共享财经》5月13日获悉，国内比特大陆的创始人吴忌寒对外称，公司的比特币挖矿业务在美国有巨大的扩张计划。美国是其最大的目标市场之一，公司一直在努力扩大全球范围内的采矿业务，包括在美国推出更多设施。他还对人工智能方面的立场发表了评论，称比特大陆也计划涉足这一领域。

近年来，人工智能行业进入高速发展期，如今的人工智能进入新的阶段，即技术驱动的人工智能大潮，正在转向应用驱动的人工智能，开始深入各种行业场景，为各个行业“赋能”。其中包括安防、教育、互联网、汽车、智慧城市等等领域。这在比特大陆看来，意味着无限的机会。

据最新报告显示，比特大陆已凭借142亿元的销售额仅次于华为海思，位列2017年中国十大集成电路设计公司排名第二位。提到比特大陆，就不得不提数字虚拟货币和矿机，目前，比特大陆在比特币挖矿专用ASIC芯片的市占率将近八成，具有绝对优势。如今，比特大陆也已在人工智能领域初露头角，更是将自身定位为人工智能芯片公司，展露其在AI芯片领域的野心。

今年1月，比特大陆推出旗下AI品牌“算丰”系列产品及未来发展战略，这意味着经过几年的酝酿之后，比特大陆开始向AI领域全面发力。

比特大陆产品战略总监汤炜伟表示：早在2015年，我们就已经开始思考未来市场的问题，最终我们在2016年确定了AI为下一个主要目标。随后2016年初就开始了产品和相关技术的研发，2017年4月将芯片交给代工进行流片。按照这个时间来看，我们对AI领域早有准备。

2013到2017年间，比特大陆的ASIC矿机芯片迭代了7次比特币挖矿速率提升幅度接近75倍。并且随着一系列挖矿芯片的打造，比特大陆也和半导体业中代工技术能力最强的TSMC台积电形成了深度合作。

就在本月上旬，中国台湾晶圆代工大厂台积电以 16 纳米制程技术切入，规划月产能为 2 万片的南京 12 英寸厂生产的首批晶圆的出货对象就是虚拟货币挖矿机厂商比特大陆。

比特大陆的大部分收入来自于搭载自家芯片的矿机。“其余大部分是由采矿本身产生的，其次是通过运营的采矿池来收取管理费用，并通过云服务出租其采矿场的采矿权。”

Hetbert

加密投资市场“菜鸟”竟然是主力，学生党不容小觑

1小时前 来源：三言财经  212

一项针对加密货币交易的人口统计分析让我们发现一个很有趣的现象，加密货币交易者中只有极少数是女性，并且大部分没有相关经验，除此之外，还有许多是学生或者销售和市场营销从业人数。

“菜鸟”是主力，学生势头猛

近日，全球领先社交投资网络e投睿（Etoro）的市场分析师进行了一项针对加密数字货币交易群体调查。他们整理了公司2017年3月至2018年2月的投资数字货币的用户数据，从中提取了包括年龄、性别、工作领域等不同维度的数据进行分析。

从数据分析中得到的一个有趣结论是绝大多数交易者都是没有任何投资经验的新手。新手级别的高达81.96％，具有一定经验、可以称得上中级投资者的占比10.66％，投资经验较为丰富的群体只占7.38％。

按职业分类来看，计算机和IT服务人员占15.05％，金融业人士占8.48％，由于数字货币与技术和金融联系较为紧密，这一高比例在预期之中。但意外的是，在数字货币交易者中，销售和市场营销从业人员占比达到14.49％。



此外，调查还发现，约30％的数字货币交易者是没有工作的人群，其中，学生占13.85％，退休人员占2.06％，失业群体占14.74％。令小编意外的是，学生群体也成为了加密市场的主要参与者之一。

根据此前3月16日至20日进行的一项调查也显示，越来越多的美国学生已经参与到数字货币当中。21.2%的大学生利用借来的资金为加密投资提供资金。学生们试图利用比特币或以太坊的价格上涨，以更快地偿还债务。

交易者性别比失衡
此次数字货币群体调查还发现：在数字货币领域，开发人员中只有很少数是女性，同样，女性交易群体的人口占比也不多。数据显示，数字货币交易者中女性只占不到1/10的比例，大约为8.5％，而男性数字货币交易者占比达91.5％。




分析表示出现这一结果可能是因为一些外界因素的影响。比如，比特币等加密数字货币位于技术和金融领域的交叉点，而技术和金融均是性别比例严重失衡的领域。因此得出这样的结果，也并不是特别令人惊讶。




另外还有趣的一点是，在数字货币币种投资选择上，也存在一些性别差异。除BTC之间的性别差异为0％外，XRP、ETC、ETC，BCH和LTC等数字货币均受到性别影响。瑞波币（Ripple）的交易者中，女性占比明显高于男性；ETC，BCH和LTC的交易者一直是男性群体占主导。总结来看，女性似乎更青睐Ripple。

Hetbert

5月13日狂人行情分析：随着资金流入的加快，熊市的时间会被缩短

1天前 来源：数字货币趋势狂人  1809


今天是母亲节，首先祝全天下的母亲们节日快乐，如果有条件，希望大家都和自己母亲一起吃个晚餐，把手头繁忙的工作都先放一放。母亲是世界上最伟大的人，是她创造了你，养育了你，陪伴着你一路成长，如今她可能已经白发苍苍，却更多的需要你的陪伴。今晚，狂人也会去陪母亲吃饭，更新文章将近1年了，很久没有和家人坐在一起吃过晚饭了，所以留言区就不开放了，早点写，写完了去过节，狂人也借着给母亲过节的借口，放纵一个夜晚。

海南那边的事情，逐步开始落地了，这个消息对于未来的币圈是超级利好，也是新一轮大牛市的基础，虽然目前仍处于熊市阶段，但随着资金流入的加快，熊市的时间会被缩短，这是本轮熊市和2013年那一轮最不一样的地方，如果按照以往的熊市逻辑，这样的走势应该至少持续2年的时间，但今年大环境和认可度已经不可同日而语了，所以狂人预计本轮熊市会在1年内结束，在2019年初前后开启新一轮大牛市，而这一轮，也极有可能是韭菜最后最疯狂的节日。后面伴随着正规军的进场，市场更加成熟化，再想一夜暴富难度就非常大了，所以珍惜眼前的熊市，把选币作为第一要务，为下一波行情做准备。




可以看到在5月8号新下发的营业执照经营范围中，提及了数字货币，数字积分的兑换和结算服务，也就是说数字货币的交易在海南岛很快就要开放了，回想起火币，ok前一段去海南的合作，大家应该能明白狂人之前说的利好是什么了，国家既然无法彻底根除，倒不如大力拥抱，将大蛋糕再从国外拿回来。领导们最终还是会以发展的眼光看问题，放开也只是时间问题了，想到中国大妈有了正规渠道入场之后，买入比特币会变得非常简单，比特币涨到100万还是难事吗？还在为短期的波动为难不已吗？不要倒在黎明前，再扛一扛，一切都会好起来的，大不了抗1年的时间，你会因为你的选择超过所有你努力的财富。

Hetbert

全球区块链相关监管政策汇总

1天前 来源：互联网金融法律顾问  563

在这场席卷全球的区块链技术、数字资产变革中，除全面了解中国政府的立场外，我们仍需掌握其他国家在新兴领域的态度和布局。
新加坡、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等地在内的十八个国家及地区相继出台政策或监管策略，可以看到，无论国别、发展水平，在这场或有变革来临之前，都在积极筹划，做好应对准备。


（一）新加坡地区

（1）2014年3月13日，新加坡货币管理局(下称“MAS”)发表《新加坡货币管理局（MAS）为洗钱和恐怖融资风险监管虚拟货币中介机构》的声明，表示MAS会监管在新加坡的虚拟货币中介机构以应对潜在的洗钱和恐怖融资风险，即MAS不监管虚拟货币本身，但要求买卖或促进虚拟货币同真实货币交易的中介机构辨别其客户性质，将可疑交易报告给可疑交易报告办公室。MAS的这一举动将使新加坡成为世界上第一个因为反洗钱和恐怖融资风险目的而监管虚拟货币中介机构的国家之一。

（2）2017年8月1日，MAS发布《新加坡货币管理局澄清在新加坡提供数字代币的监管立场》，表示如果数字代币构成《证券及期货条例》第289章规定的产品，数字代币在新加坡的发行将受到MAS的监管。这些代币的发行者将被要求在发行这些代币之前向MAS递交并登记招股说明书，除非获得豁免。这些代币的发行者和中介机构也将受《证券及期货条例》和《财务顾问法》第110章的许可证要求的限制，除非获得豁免。同时，他们还要受反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义活动的适用要求限制。此外，为这些代币二级市场交易提供服务的平台，亦须经MAS认可或批准。

（3）2017年10月2日，MAS发布《答复议会有关在新加坡使用加密货币的问题及监管加密货币和ICO的措施》，表示目前正在制定一个新的支付服务监管框架来应对洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险。同时表示，虚拟货币若超越其作为一种支付手段的身份，演变为代表资产所有权等利益的“第二代”代币，类似于股票或债券凭证，那么出售该等“第二代”代币来筹集资金的ICO项目受MAS监管。MAS还没有专门为ICO发布新的立法，但MAS会继续监察这类发行的发展情况，如有需要，会考虑更有针对性的立法。



（二）美国地区



（1）2017年7月25日，美国SEC根据《1934年证券交易法》第21(a)条发布了The Dao的调查报告，该调查报告运用Howey 测试得出Dao币是证券的结论。因此，发行和销售Dao币的行为受到联邦证券法的约束。报告还解释说，以分布式账簿或区块链技术为基础的证券的发行人必须对发行和销售这样的证券行为进行注册，除非有适用的有效的豁免登记条款，提供该等证券交易的平台也必须在SEC注册为全国性的证券交易所或根据豁免注册运作。

（2）2017年7月25日，美国SEC发布《投资者公告：首次代币发行》，表示根据每个ICO的实际情况，发行或出售的虚拟货币或代币可能是证券。如果发行或出售的虚拟货币或代币是证券，ICO 发行和出售的这些虚拟货币或代币受联邦证券法的管辖。

（三）加拿大地区





2017年8月24日，加拿大证券管理委员会(下称“CSA”)发布了《工作人员通知46-307——加密货币发行》，表示每一个ICO/ITO项目都是独一无二的，必须根据其自身特点来评估是否构成证券，CSA同样使用Howey 测试进行评估。如果符合有价证券定义，那么发行企业必须符合招股说明书要求或取得豁免。同时，完成ICO/ITO的企业可能以商业目的进行证券交易，这时还要求获得经销商登记或豁免经销商登记。

（四）香港地区





（1）2017年9月5日，香港证券及期货事务监察委员会(下称“证监会”)发布了《有关首次代币发行的声明》，本声明旨在阐明，视乎个别ICO的事实及情况，当中所发售或销售的数字代币可能属于《证券及期货条例》所界定的“证券”，并受到香港证券法例的管辖。在ICO中发售的数字代币如代表一家公司的股权或所有权权益，便有可能被视为“股份”；如数字代币的用途是订立或确认由发行人借取的债务，便有可能被视为“债权凭证”；假如发售代币所得的收益是由ICO项目运营方作集体管理并投资于不同项目，借此让代币持有人可参与分享有关项目所提供的回报，数字代币便有可能被视为“集体投资计划”的权益。无论是股份、债权凭证还是集体投资计划的权益，均被视为“证券”。

（2）2018年2月6日，香港金融管理局(金管局)发布《虚拟银行的认可》指引修订本，以推动虚拟银行在香港的设立。在该指引中，虚拟银行的定义是主要通过互联网或其他形式的电子渠道而非实体分行提供零售银行服务的银行。

金管局在该指引修订本中指出，银行、金融机构及科技公司均可申请在香港持有和经营虚拟银行，由于虚拟银行主要从事零售业务，所以应以本地注册银行形式经营，虚拟银行须遵守适用于传统银行的同一套监管原则及主要规定，只是部分规定须根据虚拟银行的商业模式作出适当调整。


（六）澳大利亚地区





2017年10月4日，澳大利亚证券投资委员会(下称“ASIC”)发布了指导意见——《首次代币发行》，表示在澳大利亚ICO的法律地位取决于ICO的具体情况，例如ICO是如何构建和运营的，以及通过ICO发行的代币有哪些权利。ASIC在该文中详细阐述了在何种情况下ICO构成有管理的投资计划的发行、公司股份的发行或衍生品的发行，并阐述了相应的监管规范。

如果代币的价值与ICO计划的管理有关，ASIC 很可能认为ICO的发行者提供的是一个有管理的投资计划(MIS)；当一个ICO被创建来为一个公司提供资金(或者为一个看起来像公司的事业提供资金)，那么由ICO发行的代币所附带的权利可能会被定义为股份；如果一个ICO的代币，其定价基于一些因素(如金融产品、市场价格、资产价格在某个时间或事件发生前向某个方向移动)，导致付款请求附加为代币权利或义务的一部分，那么ICO可能构成衍生品。

（七）爱沙尼亚地区





2014年10月，爱沙尼亚启动“电子公民”项目，世界各国公民都可以在线登陆爱沙尼亚“电子公民网(e-resident.gov.ee)”登记成为爱沙尼亚“电子公民”。

爱沙尼亚政府启动的“电子公民”项目全称为“电子公民数字身份证明”。无论哪个国家的公民，都可以在线填表申请，获得批准后，可就近到爱沙尼亚派驻国外的34个使领馆领取其个人数字身份证明。

同时，爱沙尼亚“电子公民”项目总经理还提出由国家发行Estcoin虚拟货币，Estcoin是以区块链为基础并且通过国家央行进行ICO众筹。

爱沙尼亚的电子居民项目被称为世界上首个由政府发起的区块链项目，极大地推动了欧洲区块链项目的发展。

（八）英国地区





（1）2016年1月19日，英国政府发布了长达88页的《分布式账本技术：超越区块链》白皮书，积极评估区块链技术的潜力，考虑将它用于减少金融欺诈和降低成本。

（2）2018年4月6日，英国金融市场行为监管局(下称“FCA”)发布《对于公司发行加密代币衍生品要求经授权的声明》，表示为通过ICO发行的加密代币或其他代币的衍生品提供买卖、安排交易、推荐或其他服务达到相关的监管活动标准，就需要获得FCA授权。这包括：

加密代币期货——双方同意在将来某个时期以双方商定的价格交易加密代币的衍生品合同；

加密代币差价合同(CFD)—一种现金结算的衍生品合同，合同双方通过同意在其开始时和终止时交换CFD价值的差价，以担保利润或避免损失；

加密代币期权——赋予受益人获取或处置加密代币的权利的合同。

（九）瑞士地区





（1）2017年9月29日，瑞士金融市场监督管理局(下称“FINMA”)发布《首次代币发行的监管处理》，表示ICO涉及以下方面可能受相关法律的监管：

打击洗钱和资助恐怖主义的规定：如果ICO发行的代币构成支付工具的发行，反洗钱法将适用。在这种情况下，一些其他的相关法规也可能适用，如跟从事代币交易或转让(代币的二级市场交易)业务的专业代币经纪人或交易平台相关的法规。

银行法规定：吸收公众存款，并对公众有还款义务的ICO运营商，其ICO项目一般需要银行业牌照。

证券交易的规定：发行的代币符合证券定义的，以证券交易商身份运营有牌照要求。

集体投资计划立法规定：作为ICO的一部分收集的资产是由外部管理的，可能与集体投资计划有关的立法存在潜在联系。

（2）2018年2月16日，FINMA发布《ICO指导方针》，对早先发布的《首次代币发行的监管处理》进行补充，表示是否受监管需要根据个案的具体情况进行判断。在评估ICO时，FINMA将集中讨论由ICO组织者发行的代币的经济功能和目的。判断的关键因素是代币的基本目的，以及它们是否已经可以交易或转让。同时也表示，ICO也受反洗钱的监管。

目前，在瑞士或国际上没有公认的代币分类术语。FINMA将代币分类成三种类型，但混合类型是可能的：

支付代币是数字货币的同义词，不具有其他功能或与其他开发项目相关联。代币可能在有些案例只开发了必要的功能，并在一段时间内被接受为一种支付方式。

功能代币是用于提供对应用程序或服务的数字访问的代币。

资产代币代表资产，如拥有实际的基础资产、公司或收益流的所有权，或收取股息、利息支付的权利。就其经济功能而言，这些代币类似于股票、债券或衍生品。

FINMA对上述三种类型是否受监管作出了分类：

支付ICO：对于其代币意图作为一种支付方式使用并且已经可以转让的ICO项目，FINMA 将要求其遵守反洗钱条例。然而， FINMA不会将这种代币视为证券。

功能ICO：只有当它们唯一的目的是授予对应用程序或服务的数字访问权并且在发行的时候已经可以用这种方式使用功能代币时，这些代币才不符合证券。如果功能代币完全或部分地起经济投资的作用，FINMA将此类代币视为证券(即与资产代币相同的方式)。

资产ICO：FINMA将资产代币视为证券，这意味着对此类代币交易有证券法要求，以及瑞士义务守则(如招股说明书要求)规定的民法要求。

（十）丹麦地区





2017年11月13日，丹麦金融监管局(下称“FSA”)发表了《关于ICO的声明》，表示只有单纯作为支付手段的加密货币不受丹麦的金融立法的监管。只要相关ICO活动属于金融监管的范围，那么涉及ICO和加密货币的企业应该仔细考虑相关法规，例如招股说明书指令、另类投资基金管理公司指令、第四项反洗钱指令和其他可能相关的法律。

（十一）法国地区





2017年12月11日，法国政府表示将允许采用区块链技术交易特定传统证券，修改后的证券法定于2018年生效，机构将能通过区块链发行特定证券，譬如基金股份或私有公司股份，而不必通过在某些情况下他们被要求使用的传统中介来发行。不过，法国政府排除了一些规模最大的资产类别，譬如上市公司的股份，因欧盟要求涉及这类证券的交易必须通过中央结算所来结算。

（十二）德国地区





2018年3月28日，德国联邦金融监督管理局(下称“BaFin”)发布了《咨询函》，表示BaFin在个案基础上决定代币是否构成德国证券交易法或金融工具市场指引项下的金融工具，在个案基础上决定代币是否构成德国证券招股书法项下的证券，在个案基础上决定代币是否构成德国金钱投资法项下的金钱投资。BaFin在该《咨询函》中对构成金融工具和证券所需符合的特征作出了详细定义，并列明了相关的授权要求。

一个代币被认为是WpHG第2(1)款项下或MiFID II第4(1)(44)款项下定义的证券必须满足以下几个条件：

可转让性；

金融市场或资本市场的流通性；原则上，在证券定义范围内，加密货币的交易平台可以被视为金融市场或资本市场；

代币是权利的化身，即股东权利或债权，或与股东权利或债权类似的请求权，这些权利必须包含在代币中；以及

代币不能满足支付工具的标准(如WpHG第2(1)款或MiFID II第4(1)(44)款所述)。

如果一个代币满足WpHG或MiFID II定义下的金融工具的标准，或满足WpPG定义下的证券标准，将会导致在证券监管领域的法律规则适用于市场参与者，包括在这项条文中的监管要求。特别是，可能引入WpHG、WpPG、MAR、金融工具监管市场法(MiFIR)、VermAnIG以及其他相关法律和在证券监管领域内可适用的全国性和欧盟法律。在代币满足投资基金的份额标准的情况下，将适用KAGB。

（十三）奥地利地区





奥地利金融市场管理局(下称“FMA”)发表了指导方针——《首次代币发行》，详细阐述了ICO受监管的几种情况：

如果资金不是通过使用虚拟货币筹集，而是使用法定货币，并且ICO规定募集的资金将按照ICO组织者的自由裁量权投资，并且投资者有要求偿还投资的相应请求权，那么就受《奥地利银行法》的监管。

如果将与代币有关的权利与众所周知的各种证券权利相比较，有强烈的迹象表明属于一类，特别是投票权的给予、利润分配权、可交易性、利息支付的承诺及在某一特定时期结束时偿还所收到的资金的权利，那么就受《2007年证券监管法》的监管。

如果代币授予每个持有者对ICO组织者享有某种财产权利，如索赔权、会员权、附条件权利(例如所有权、红利分配请求权或本金偿还请求权)，这些代币可能被分类为投资从而落入奥地利资本市场法的监管范围。

当存在从许多投资者那里筹集资金，然后按照确定的投资策略进行投资收益，即利润，被传递给代币持有者，那么就有充分的理由表明存在另类投资基金，就要受《另类投资基金管理人法》的约束。

（十四）欧洲地区





（1）2016年3月， 欧洲央行(ECB)在名为《欧元体系的愿景——欧洲金融市场基础设施的未来》的咨询报告中公开宣布，正在探索如何使区块链技术为其所用。

（2）2016年6月2日，欧洲证券和市场管理局(ESMA)发布了一份名为《分布式账簿技术应用评估》的报告，讨论在证券市场使用区块链技术的可能性。

（十五）直布罗陀地区





（1）2017年12月15日，直布罗陀金融服务委员会(下称“GFSC”)发布了《分布式账簿技术指引》，表示从2018年1月1日开始，所有使用分布式账簿技术进行价值储存和转移的企业都需要获得GFSC的授权取得牌照。

（2）2018年1月2日，GFSC发布了名为《分布式账簿技术监管架构》的新闻稿，表示分布式账簿技术监管架构已于2018年1月1日起生效，所有使用分布式账簿技术进行价值储存和转移的企业现在开始必须要获得牌照，牌照申请会有3个月的评估期，相关企业在申请前可以向GFSC的风险与创新团队(Risk and Innovation Team)取得关于商业模式、服务类型等方面的建议，GFSC的风险与创新团队会主导申请的评估。申请评估需要向GFSC支付评估费用£2,000，取得牌照后还需缴纳年费。同时，如果企业申请牌照被许可，GFSC会进行实地访视以证明其提供材料的真实性。GFSC的风险与创新团队在评估企业商业模式和活动的内在风险与复杂性时，主要考虑以下因素：

企业会如何运用分布式账簿技术以及其技术的成熟性；

使用智能合同所增加的复杂性程度；

企业是否会拥有或控制客户的资产；

企业客户的类别：散户、有经验的投资者、专业投资者或机构投资者；

向客户提供的服务和产品的数量和种类；

同其他监管框架的相互作用的水平；

企业是否会向客户提供投资性的产品或服务，以及该等产品和服务的风险和复杂性；

是否存在第三方外包某项功能，以及该等功能的成熟性；

洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险的大小；

商业模式、产品或服务是否曾被成功尝试或测试；

运营规模的大小。

（十六）迪拜地区





迪拜于2016年初成立了全球区块链委员会，目前拥有超过30个成员，包括政府实体（智能迪拜办事处、迪拜智能政府、迪拜多商品交易中心(DMCC)、国际公司(思科、IBM、SAP、微软)以及区块链创业公司(BitOasis、 Kraken 以及YellowPay)，其计划在2020年之前全面启动区块链应用，使之成为世界首个区块链全面应用的国家，进而成为区块链和物联网应用领域的世界领袖。

2016年5月30日，全球区块链委员会举行了2016年行业主题会议，公布了7个新的区块链概念验证，包括：医疗记录、保障珠宝交易、所有权转让、企业注册、数字遗嘱、旅游业管理、改善货运。可以说，迪拜目前是中东地区的区块链研发中心。

（十七）俄罗斯地区





（1）2017年5月9日，俄罗斯联邦信息技术和通信部(Ministry of Communications)宣布计划于2019年实现区块链合法化。

（2）2018年2月26日，Russia Insight放出一段视频，内容是俄罗斯总统普京与该国最大的银行Sberbank(俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行)总裁Herman Gref之间的讨论。在谈话中普京提到了俄罗斯、监管机构和当地银行采用区块链技术的必要性。

（十八）日本地区





（1）2016年5月25日，日本国会通过了《资金结算法》修正案(已于2017年4月1日正式实施)，正式承认虚拟货币为合法支付手段并将其纳入法律规制体系之内，从而成为第一个为虚拟货币交易所提供法律保障的国家。该法在判断是否属于虚拟货币的过程中，较为重要的标准为是否满足交易对象的不特定性。

（2）2017年4月，日本经济产业省发布了日本区块链标准具体的评估方法。评估过程将由经济产业省信息政策局的信息经济司制定。日本区块链标准评估方法包括32个指标，这些指标与区块链技术特点紧密相关，评估指标包括：可扩展性、可以执行、可靠性、生产能力、节点数量、性能效率和互用性等。

由此可见，各国对于区块链、数字资产监管态度大相径庭，而对于从业人员人员来说，及时掌握全球政策发展态势对于战略布局至关重要。

coollong

大师辛苦了。新足迹加密币先驱

Hetbert

铁打的韭菜，流水的币价

59分钟前 来源：深链财经  348

对于炒币而言，根本没有所谓的技术面，都是在各种利空或利好消息作用下的碰运气行为，真正赚到钱的是少数，是运气好的那部分人，不要被那些一夜暴富的神话冲昏头脑。

5月11日，“Upbit被查”一石激起千层浪，数字货币市场整体回调，主流币种跌幅同步放大，很多数字货币在24小时内下跌了两位数，以太坊下跌11%，瑞波币下跌近17%，EOS下跌近19%。

但对于经历过大风大浪的投资者而言，这些都算不得什么，“熊市都熬过来了，这只是毛毛雨”。

但这也确确实实反应了币市长久以来的敏感与脆弱，一两则利空消息往往就可以导致市场的翻江倒海。

跳水的币价，淡定的投资者

“删软件，再见了。” 炒币客S发完这条消息就退群了。

S在这场大跌中损失了一万块，相当于一个月的工资。他觉得不值得，“再也不可能有大神们说的暴富神话了”。

S站在群里大多数人的反面。

S退群后，“只有小白才大惊小怪”、“习以为常”、“熊市都熬过来了，这只是毛毛雨”。回复一条挨一条。

这是一个炒币群，每格方块头像背后的身份可能是淘宝代购、猎头顾问、私营企业主，但是他们都有同一个名字：炒币人。

“一看就没经历过去年9月4日，”大李嘲笑S心理素质太弱，“不适合炒币。”

在大李眼里，炒币人分为两种： “2017年9月4日”前和“2017年9月4日”后。这是一条分辨新老炒币人的界线——只有在那次存活下来的人才算是强者。

大李对于这次事件的总结是：不要看短期，要放长线。

“我盯盘经常熬夜到2,3点。最近已经连着好些天。感觉我以后要玩长线，不看盘了。”大李30多岁，有房产，炒币是副业，这样时间长了吃不消。

一位群友表示赞同：“我现在每天价格都不看，该干嘛干嘛。”

大李们放长线的依据是ETH的爆发。大李在2016年以每枚70元价格买了700个ETH， 在2017年底以每枚4200元价格卖出，这是他在币圈最大一次获利，280万元。

小朱是刚入币圈的新人，手握半年积攒下的1万元，在OTC上以87元价格入手了EOS。

在深圳做猎头的小朱，研究了一周后，他已经认识到“追涨杀跌是大忌”。

“别人拿了几年，中间涨几万倍跌几万倍后，才赚到钱，你想几天就拿到？”小朱的目标是“五倍起”，意思是token出售之前至少要翻五倍。

小朱承认短期内很少有这样的机会了，于是他也打算放长线。“最近的下跌连横盘（即币价下降50%）都算不上，有什么好激动的。”

还有一群人完全不为所动。“你说人家30进的币，即使现在90，你说人家亏吗？”大李称。

大李指的是EOS，短短一个月，EOS已经完成了超3倍的增长。上万人因此盆丰钵满。

谁是爆跌的元凶？

关于此次币价大跌，其实有三个不可忽视的因素，除却期货交割日效应，韩国交易所Upbit被查、Mt.Gox冷钱包对外转出约6000余枚BTC，这两则消息可以说给了币市强力一击。

尤其是Upbit被查，有人甚至将其称之为“黑天鹅”。

5月11日下午两点左右，有消息传出，UpBit因涉嫌转移顾客账号资金给公司账号而被韩国检察部门突击搜查，总部内的电脑设备以及会计账本被扣押。

随后，Upbit在其网站发布的公告证实了被调查的消息，称将“全力配合”有关部门的调查，但表示，交易所所有交易服务都在正常运营，用户资产在用户账户中是安全的，无需担心资产丢失问题。

作为韩国排名第一，全球排名第五的交易所，UpBit这则新闻可以说引起了市场的恐慌。

虽然UpBit作出了解释说明，但在消息传出的一个小时里，BTC应声下跌，创日内新低，BTC在韩国市场上的溢价也完全消失。

在UpBit被查消息传出的三个小时后，又有一则利空消息传出：Mt.Gox账户在5月10日凌晨2-3点（网站显示时间）对外转出约6000余枚BTC，价值约5280万美元，Mt.Gox钱包中还剩余大概14万枚BTC。

在这两则“重磅”的利空消息的作用下，币市的反应十分强烈。

据CoinDesk数据显示，5月11日当天，比特币下跌5.5%，降至8511美元，这也是4月20日以来的最低点。

此外，数字货币市场整体回调，主流币种跌幅同步放大，很多数字货币在24小时内亦下跌了两位数，以太坊下跌11%，瑞波币下跌近17%，EOS下跌近19%。

币市这根敏感的神经

虽然此次币价下跌在很多见过大风大浪的投资者看来根本不算什么，但这也确确实实反应了币市长久以来的敏感与脆弱，一两则利空消息往往就可以导致市场的翻江倒海。

业内人士表示，币市的波动与市场的成熟度、体量、流动性、交易机制、监管等有着很大的联系。

很多人将股市和币市相提并论，诚然，两者有相似之处，但也存在巨大的差异。

“股市已经到了成熟期，价值评估体系成熟，价格容易通过研究判断出来，区块链处于早期炒作阶段，难以分辨；从体量上看，股市单中国市场就50万亿，币市全球加起来才5万亿，体量大的股市稳定性更高；流动性方面，股市流动性好，冲击成本小波动也小；从监管上看，目前币市没有监管，问题很多，例如操纵市场，项目炒作，数据造假，也导致价格大起大落。”

也有投资者指出，对于炒币而言，根本没有所谓的技术面，都是在各种利空或利好消息作用下的碰运气行为，真正赚到钱的是少数，是运气好的那部分人，不要被那些一夜暴富的神话冲昏头脑。

币市有风险，入市要谨慎。

Hetbert

密码技术传奇人物Whitfield Diffie：区块链技术让加密技术出现“复苏”



据Coindesk消息，公钥加密技术奠基者，密码技术传奇Whitfield Diffie在纽约共识大会上赞扬了区块链和加密货币，称这项技术代表了他从20世纪70年代就开始帮助个人和加强隐私的工作的“复苏”。他说：“最近几年，加密技术又一次出现了复苏，而区块链现在又重新聚焦于这些东西的加密技术方面。”

"This is very fulfilling because when you thought the subject [of privacy and cryptography] must have run its course, it flares up again."

Those words, from cryptography legend Whitfield Diffie, perhaps captured the essence of the first day of CoinDesk's Consensus 2018 conference. Diffie famously co-authored a landmark paper in 1976 that laid the foundations for public key cryptography, a key element of modern internet security and of cryptocurrencies.

During a freewheeling, jovial fireside chat with zcash founder Zooko Wilcox, Diffie praised blockchains and cryptocurrencies, saying the technology represents a "resurgence" of the work he helped start in the 1970s to empower individuals and strengthen privacy.

The current era, he said, reminds him of the time around 1997, when attendance at cryptographers' conferences suddenly jumped from the hundreds to the thousands.

Diffie remarked:

"These last few years have been another resurgence of cryptographic technology, and blockchain is now a huge refocus on the cryptographic aspects of these things."

Wilcox echoed that sentiment and credited Satoshi Nakamoto for triggering this renaissance - causing Diffie to joke that they should "get another chair" on stage for bitcoin's unknown, pseudonymous creator. Still, Diffie - whose work has focused more on securing communications than financial transactions - similarly gave props to Nakamoto for accomplishing what many before in his field could not.

"There were a good 10 years when privacy and cryptography were almost embarrassing to talk about in public," Wilcox said.

He cited the famous (or infamous) 1999 quote from Sun Microsystems co-founder Scott McNealy, who remarked: "You have zero privacy anyway, get over it."

"In the ensuing 10 years, everyone sort of fell in line on that - until Satoshi," Wilcox said.

Diffie echoed that, saying: "For years many people [in cryptography] thought about how to develop money techniques, and nobody succeeded before that."

That solicited a deadpan response from Wilcox - "Yeah, I know" - alluding to his own work in the 1990s at Digicash, a storied but unsuccessful digital currency venture.

'Bulletproof or useless'?

On a related subject, Diffie said he was not worried that the financial fortunes of the cryptocurrency market would compromise its cypherpunk ethos.

"In some sense, you can't be a revolutionary force without eventually taking over the establishment," he said, drawing laughter from the audience. "So I don't see a conflict between business development and political development."

In fact, Diffie said that introducing market forces into protocols (as cryptocurrencies do) can be a powerful catalyst for the advancement of privacy-enhancing technology since battle-tested systems are likely to earn higher valuations than vulnerable ones.

"I like that phrase 'introduce market forces,'" Diffie said in response to a question from the moderator and CoinDesk research director Nolan Bauerle. "The market force view of the development of cryptography may be the best single one we have, because so few things depend on this balance ... of offensive techniques and defensive techniques."

Wilcox agreed in theory, though he cautioned that in the case of cryptocurrencies, market forces don't tend to distinguish between different coins at present.

Cryptocurrency prices tend to go up and down in unison, he said, "regardless of whether the coin has proven to be bulletproof or useless." In the long term, though, "I assume they eventually will because I think the markets do that," Wilcox said.

Looking back on the breakthrough he helped bring about decades ago - which is widely hailed for breaking governments' monopoly on cryptography, thereby giving private companies and citizens access to encryption tools - Diffie said it had a similar decentralizing effect compared to today's blockchain projects.

"If you don't have public-key [cryptography], it's not that you have to know the people you talk to, but you have to be connected to them by an administrative authority," he said, adding:

"That works wonderfully for the U.S. military, it has lots of employees, a million or more and has a key management structure that follows. That just plain won't work for an internet of commerce."

Hetbert

百慕大组建官方代表团出席共识会议



据globenewswire消息，百慕大总理兼财政部长David Burt与国家安全部长Wayne Caines一起，率领20人的百慕大代表团参加在纽约举行的由8000名政府官员和区块链行业业者参与的区块链共识会议。该岛的代表团由百慕大政府、百慕大金融管理局（BMA）、百慕大商业发展署（BDA）和业界人士组成，其中还包括几家百慕大律师事务所。

NEW YORK, May 14, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bermuda’s pioneering work to regulate the global blockchain industry was praised by delegates to one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency conferences, as New York celebrates “Blockchain Week.”

Premier and Finance Minister David Burt, accompanied by National Security Minister Wayne Caines, led a 20-strong delegation from Bermuda to Consensus 2018, a three-day midtown conference running May 14–16 that has attracted more than to 8,000 delegates encompassing a wide array of industries and government entities. The island’s contingent comprises members of Bermuda’s government, the Bermuda Monetary Authority (BMA), the Bermuda Business Development Agency (BDA), and industry, including several Bermuda law firms.

“It’s gratifying to go to an event like the one today, when people already know what’s going on in Bermuda,” said the Premier, who also sat down with BBC Online, Bitcoin Magazine, and Coindesk, a news site specialising in virtual currencies which also organises Consensus. “People we’ve met want to find out more about what we’re doing, how we’re moving forward. We certainly have a story to tell—and a very good one.”

The Premier addressed a full auditorium of attendees before a midday panel on regulation, highlighting the island’s quick progress to become a global hub for fintech enterprises and innovation through ground-breaking recent legislation to govern regulation of digital assets.

“The government of Bermuda—all the way up to the Premier himself—is showing remarkable leadership in the blockchain space,” keynote speaker, author, and Executive Director of the Blockchain Research Institute Don Tapscott said afterwards.

“Bermuda is attempting to figure out an environment that enables both an innovation economy and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, and protecting the interests of consumers and investors on the other. Our institute intends to collaborate much more closely with Bermuda in the future,” said Tapscott, a leading authority on the impact of technology on business and society.

Bermuda delegates were deluged throughout the day by inquiries on setting up businesses and launching initial coin offerings from the island. Meetings were held in a Bermuda suite, where a networking reception also attracted entrepreneurs and technologists looking to leverage the island’s respected regulatory environment and sophisticated infrastructure.

“It’s impressive to see the volume of people who have come through our meeting suite—since the speech, it has been non-stop,” said the BDA’s Head of Business Development Sean Moran. “I’ve talked to dozens of groups that want to launch their ICOs out of Bermuda, they want to establish service provider companies in Bermuda that would help support the growth of our digital asset industry. Everyone is excited by what they view to be a jurisdiction that would offer a positive and welcoming environment for new businesses in the blockchain space.”

Consensus continues tomorrow, with the Premier slated for interviews with Nasdaq and Bloomberg Radio, among other media. The Bermuda group will also visit the New York offices of law firm Norton Rose Fulbright to give a presentation on Bermuda’s economy and the island’s innovative approach to business over many decades.

Hetbert

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 16:45
百慕大组建官方代表团出席共识会议

从拉到币安去百慕大尝到甜头之后，百慕大政府从总理到小兵兵，全体出马到纽约，吸引区块链行业进驻。

明天会上Bloomerberg和CNN接受采访。

Hetbert

摩尔多瓦开设新数字货币交易所并发行代币



据news.bitcoin消息，摩尔多瓦近期开设了新数字货币交易所Drachmae Market并发行代币。该交易所最初将交易10种数字货币，8种法币，其中包括BTC，BCH和ETH等主流货币，以及Zozo coin和Drachmae自主发行的DTMI代币等摩尔多瓦代币。法币包括美元，欧元，卢布等。

Cryptocurrencies have been steadily gaining popularity in Moldova, a former Soviet republic that is economically and politically on a crossroad between East and West. The local crypto community has recently announced developments reflecting this trend – a new exchange and a new token have been presented, both labeled “Made in Moldova”. Add to that an indirect permission from the central bank.

Also read: Another Post-Soviet Jurisdiction Welcomes Crypto Miners

10 Cryptos, 8 Currencies

Drachmae Market will be trading 10 digital coins initially, including leading cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin Core (BTC), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), and Ethereum (ETH), as well as a couple of Moldovan tokens like Zozo coin and Drachmae’s own DTMI token. The trading platform also supports transactions of eight fiat currencies, among which euros, dollars, rubles, and of course, Moldovan leu (MDL). Drachmae Market, set up with the help of the local Digital & Distributed Technology Moldova Association (DTMA), has been announced as the country’s first crypto exchange. It is already accepting subscriptions.

DTMA was created in the beginning of this year to facilitate the implementation of distributed ledger technologies in the country’s economy. It is also closely working with Moldovan authorities and regulators on a proposal to establish a special tech zone with tax breaks and incentives for blockchain startups. A similar project has been realized successfully in another former Soviet republic – Belarus, where a growing number of fintech companies are now taking advantage of their membership of the Hi-Tech Park in Minsk.

Moldova with New Crypto Exchange and a Token

The news about the launch of Drachmae Market, which came out from a major blockchain and cryptocurrency event hosted by the Moldovan capital, was covered by both local and foreign crypto media. On Friday, the World Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Summit in Chisinau welcomed participants and speakers representing communities from countries across Europe and Asia, from Lithuania to India, according to Cryptovest. Founder and president of DTMA Lee Gibson Grant announced at the conference that the exchange had received a notice from the central bank, which could be interpreted as an indirect permission to operate legally.

In the letter presented at the summit, the National Bank of Moldova basically says that as there is currently no legal framework regulating cryptocurrencies in the country, no authorization is needed to provide crypto trading services, Mybusiness.md reports. At the same time, Drachmae Market will have to comply with the country’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws because it offers trading pairs with fiat currencies. This means its operator is required to share financial data about money flows and processed transactions.

Central Bank Softens Stance

The correspondence also indicates some softening of the central bank’s position on cryptocurrencies. Last fall NBM released a statement to clarify its stance warning that cryptos are neither issued nor guaranteed by a central bank or a government agency. The bank acknowledged that the “virtual currency represents digital value” and is “used by individuals or legal entities as an alternative to cash,” but stressed that “it is not tied to the national currency.”

“The use of virtual money is not regulated in Moldova. [Cryptocurrency] is not a form of electronic money in the context of the Law on Payment Services and Electronic Money, and the activities of issuing [digital coins] and executing transactions with them are not controlled by the competent authorities,” NBM pointed out.

Moldova with New Crypto Exchange and a Token

The financial authority listed a number of risks, to which crypto users are exposed, including fraud, high commissions, loss of funds, market volatility, and last but not least – no guarantees that merchants would accept cryptocurrencies. Cryptos in Moldova, however, are becoming more popular with both users and merchants. For example, a large furniture store in Chisinau announced in December that it had introduced bitcoin payments.

Moldova still has to catch up with strong regional competitors. Ukraine has a rapidly developing crypto sector whose expansion recently prompted the country’s securities commission chief to state: “The point of no return has been passed.” Moldova’s own separatist region, the unrecognized republic of Transnistria, has adopted crypto friendly legislation that legalizes mining and provides incentives for foreign investors in the sector. Pro-crypto sentiments are also strong in Moldova’s closest neighbor,

Hetbert

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 17:05
摩尔多瓦开设新数字货币交易所并发行代币

大势所趋，摩尔多瓦要奋起直追。

邻国乌克兰，是对区块链技术最积极的国家。

全世界第一个通过以太坊智能合约跨国买卖的房子，就是基辅的一套公寓。

https://www.newscientist.com/art ... for-the-first-time/

国中之国德左Transnistria，也在大力吸引区块链企业。

https://www.zhihu.com/question/35799654

Hetbert

LedgerX宣布比特币期权交易升级





据Coindesk消息，比特币衍生品平台LedgerX推出了一种新的简化界面，让比特币投资者可以从自己持有的资产中获得利息。根据LedgerX总裁兼首席风险官Juthica Chou的说法，这项新服务于周二宣布，其运营方式与现有的比特币看涨期权类似。

Bitcoin derivatives platform LedgerX is launching a new, simplified interface that lets bitcoin investors earn interest on their holdings.

The new service, announced Tuesday, operates similarly to its existing bitcoin call options with a streamlined user face for investors, according to LedgerX president and chief risk officer Juthica Chou.

Chou explained:

"We're seeing more and more demand for people who want to earn some sort of interest off their bitcoin and lending is not exactly natural to people - especially lending where they earn their interest back in bitcoin. So we're seeing participants come back to trading."

Essentially, participants place a bet on what bitcoin's price will look like at some point in the future. If the price grows to that level within the time period, the participants recoup their investment. In the event that it doesn't, participants can sell their coins and receive fiat currency from the profit on that sale.

This is "by far the largest trade that we've seen people coming in to do," Chou said. "I would say that more than half our volume has been in this kind of trade."

"The contract that people are entering into here is such that they're selling an upside call option, so probably call it [two times] where bitcoin is now. If bitcoin tanks, they still collect the exact same premium and if bitcoin goes up then they end up selling bitcoin at about [two times]," she explained.

Chou added that "overall, I think the volatility is what impacts us ... the more [bitcoin's price] moves, the more fiat [investors] can collect."

Only eligible contract participants, as defined by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, can trade in these call options, however. Users need to undergo "the same [know-your-customer] and application process as standard LedgerX" participants, said Chou.

She concluded:

"I think given the price action people are going to be more and more interested ... we're very excited, because this is something we've seen a lot of on the LedgerX platform."

Hetbert

摩根大通区块链中心前主管宣布成立区块链创业公司

5月15日消息，据国外媒体报道，摩根大通旗下区块链项目负责人安布尔·巴尔代特(AmberBaldet)终于宣布了她的下一步行动——创办一家新区块链公司，名为Clovyr。该公司由 Baldet 与前摩根大通开源区块链项目主管 Patrick Nielsen 共同建立，将打造建立在区块链上的、类似于应用商店的去中心化应用商店。



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<iframe src='//players.brightcove.net/2111767321001/default_default/index.html?videoId=5760452115001' allowfullscreen frameborder=0></iframe>

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Hetbert

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 18:02
摩根大通区块链中心前主管宣布成立区块链创业公司

5月15日消息，据国外媒体报道，摩根大通旗下区块链项目 ...

她在Ethereal峰会上的讲话非常有水准，深入浅出！

{:11_754:}不过人漂亮，说什么都好听！

Hetbert

ZEC日成交量升至第八

受利好消息影响，ZEC量价齐升。
ZEC日成交量升至4.68亿美元，占比2.06%，排名升至第八。
币安、Bitfinex交易占比最大。
ZEC全球现价359.77美元，24小时涨幅44.69%。
自纽约双子星交易所宣布将在19号上线ZEC后，ZEC价格上涨超40%，
目前RSI指数为66，CCN分析认为短期看涨。

Hetbert

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 19:25
ZEC日成交量升至第八

受利好消息影响，ZEC量价齐升。

{:12_784:} 洗钱利器ZCash

Hetbert

Block.one副总裁发布15条EOS节点协议

​​​5月14日，Block.one副总裁Thomas Cox在GitHub发布了EOS节点协议，共计15条，指出EOS节点（Block Producer）需要遵循的原则。每个节点至少提供四个满足最低配置要求、运行完整节点的公共端点。

协议包括：
1.在指定的循环时间内，如实、准确地按照已授权块数出块。
2.始终坚持在相同高度或相同区块间隔内只生成或签署一个区块。
3.绝不删改诸如投票、制裁等与治理相关的事务。
4.只添加交易池中的良性交易到区块中。
5.做好诚信表率，尽可能多的纳入“良性”交易，公平公正避免不必要的偏见。
6.剔除区块中的“恶性”交易并公示剔除原因。
7.在交易中不偏不倚，以快进快出方式或其他事先公告的机制来排序，包括未修改软件提供的默认排序。
8.绝不使用自身的优势信息强行插队交易，同时也抵制他人插队。
9.服从仲裁员的全部有效指令：
a.由仲裁员签署
b.该案件由此种裁员负责
c.指令只影响该案件涉及的账户
d.仲裁员在仲裁庭有良好的声誉
e.接受原始交易（即引起案件的交易）上诉的仲裁庭亦是解决争议的审判地。
10.只有在收到仲裁员的有效指令授权后才冻结账户。
11.面对紧急情况积极应对采取有效行动，并保持自我反省反思。
12.提供不少于四个运行完整节点的公共端点（最低配置）。
13.在没有最低配置的时期不收取投票奖金，并在具有最低配置后补齐所欠投票奖金。
14.公开自身组织所有权，公开比例不低于全部所有权的10%。
15.与其他节点分享自身所有权，分享比例不高于全部所有权的10%。​​​​

Hetbert

微软Bing禁止比特币和其他数字货币广告



据mspoweruser消息，微软声明Bing浏览器将禁止比特币和其他数字货币广告，此规定于6月份在全球范围内生效，6月下旬至7月上旬执行。微软表示，由于数字货币和相关产品不受监管，可能会给用户带来可能的高风险，并有可能导致不法分子借机侵害客户权益。

Following the lead set by Google, Facebook and Twitter, the search service Bing has confirmed that it’s now set to ban cryptocurrency advertising too.

The announcement came on the Bing Ads blog, where advertiser policy manager Melissa Alsoszatai-Petheo said that “because cryptocurrency and related products are not regulated, we have found them to present a possible elevated risk to our users with the potential for bad actors to participate in predatory behaviours, or otherwise scam consumers”.

She added that “to help protect our users from this risk, we have made the decision to disallow advertising for cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency related products, and un-regulated binary options”.

The policy change will be implemented across the Bing Ads network starting in June, with full rollout expected in late June and early July. It’ll be completed by the end of July.

Whilst some have found (temporary) ways around the ad bans on other platforms, it does add to the growing feeling that some kind of cryptocurrency regulation is needed. In lieu of it, more and more big platforms are taking the easier way out, and simply implementing blanket bans. Bing is unlikely to be the last to do so.

猫儿不笨

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 19:25
ZEC日成交量升至第八

受利好消息影响，ZEC量价齐升。

？！！！

Hetbert

猫儿不笨 发表于 2018-5-15 19:51
？！！！

昨天不是有日本黑道比特币换大零币换日元洗钱3亿多美元的新闻么。

我说这就是洗钱指南。

今天大零币就爆发了，估计很多人终于入门了。

猫儿不笨

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 19:59
昨天不是有日本黑道比特币换大零币换日元洗钱3亿多美元的新闻么。

我说这就是洗钱指南。

我一直看好Dash，Zcash和 Monero
或许下一个升的会是Dash

Hetbert

猫儿不笨 发表于 2018-5-15 20:01
我一直看好Dash，Zcash和 Monero
或许下一个升的会是Dash

Dash肯定也会涨，光是POS每年7%到8%的ROI，大户就不大会可能会抛。。。

但是，Dash已经是千倍币了，感觉想象空间有限，总不会再涨100倍吧。

猫儿不笨

Hetbert 发表于 2018-5-15 20:19
Dash肯定也会涨，光是POS每年7%到8%的ROI，大户就不大会可能会抛。。。

但是，Dash已经是千倍币了，感觉 ...

再涨10也够了，也可能
在英国Dash 很受欢迎，一间很大的付款公司就用bitcoin 和 Dash

Hetbert

警方提醒警惕新型非法集资 提及虚拟货币

据新华社消息，云南省公安厅介绍，非法集资发案波及领域广、社会危害性大、参与人员损失惨重，目前投融资类中介机构、互联网金融平台、房地产、农业等行业内的非法集资案件高发，借贷理财、私募股权、虚拟货币、消费返利等新型领域逐步成为非法集资重灾区。

Hetbert

国际数据公司：预计2018年全球区块链解决方案市场规模将达到21亿美元

据《中国证券报》今日消息，国际数据公司IDC报告显示，预计2018年全球区块链解决方案市场规模将达到21亿美元，其中，美国将占到全球区块链支出的40%，西欧将成为第二大地区，中国虽位列第三，但数据显示，2017年中国的区块链技术专利申请和区块链投资增速已超过美国，并且预期中国2016年至2020年的复合年增率将达115.6%。

Hetbert

Infosys与七家私营银行联合成立贸易融资区块链

据路透社消息，近日，印孚瑟斯技术有限公司（Infosys) 与七家私营银行合作，成立了一个以区块链为基础的贸易融资网络，以提高银行业的效率，并加强其产品供应。


Infosys today said it has set up India Trade Connect, a blockchain-based trade network in India, in partnership with seven lenders, including Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, IndusInd Bank and RBL Bank. The other partner banks include Kotak Mahindra Bank, South Indian Bank and Yes Bank.

"The network is being used by the banks to run a successful pilot of Finacle Trade Connect, a blockchain technology based solution developed specifically to address the trade finance process requirements of banks," Infosys said in a statement.

Finacle Trade Connect will enable increased automation and transparency, while helping efficiently manage risks in trade and supply chain financing operations, it added.

Infosys said the network is designed to digitise trade finance business processes, including validation of ownership, certification of documents and making payments, while working on a distributed, trusted and shared network.

"The network will create new business opportunities for participating banks, while eliminating the inefficiencies in the existing trade processes and enabling everyone involved in a transaction to have a single source of the truth," the statement added.

It noted that financing decisions (using the system) are more informed since the banks involved in a transaction are aware of the exact position of a bill as well as the exposure of the corporate with its respective partner bank.

The range of functions include Bill Collection, Letters of Credit, Open Account for Trade, Customer to Customer, Transactions for Trade, Business to Customer transactions for Trade, PO financing and Invoice financing.

Sanat Rao, Chief Business Officer at Infosys Finacle, said like any innovative technology, the usage of blockchain-based applications will gradually increase from early adopters to others who will join based on proven and tangible benefits.

"We are committed to helping our clients realise the path breaking benefits of blockchain technology and we look forward to many more collaborations to strengthen this consortium and building other networks across the world," he added.

Hetbert

俄罗斯电信巨头MTS利用区块链技术发行商业债券

俄罗斯电信巨头MTS宣布，它已经使用区块链智能合约发行商业债券，这是俄罗斯首个使用区块链技术完成此类交易的用例。交易中，商业债券发行量为7.5亿卢布，俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行是主要的债券买家。据悉，交易通过DVP（交付与支付）结算执行，假设证券和资金的转移区块链上同时进行。

Russian telecoms major MTS has placed commercial bonds worth a total RUB750m, on central depositary NSD's blockchain platform, in a transaction managed by investment bank Sberbank. The transaction covers the full life cycle of a security in the form of a set of smart contracts – from placement to the full performance of the issuer’s obligations to investors.

"MTS is testing and implementing new technologies in all its business areas, including corporate finance and FinTech spheres. We set a task to accelerate the process of putting innovative solutions into operation after the test phase. With our partners’ assistance we have successfully implemented the first Russian issue of commercial bonds via smart contracts based on blockchain in the entire settlement chain – from placing securities and receiving funds to the full execution of the issuer’s obligations to investors. MTS will continue to use the blockchain technology, first and foremost, on financial markets, as it helps to improve the transparency of transactions, to build trust with transaction participants, and to reduce costs of operations," Andrey Kamensky, vice president, finance, investments and M&A, MTS, says.

Russian commercial bonds are debt instruments which are unsecured and sold on the OTC market via private placement.

As part of the transaction preparation, NSD implemented a full Delivery versus Payment (DVP) settlement model based on blockchain allowing it to transfer securities and funds simultaneously. NSD added an option to change the composition of network participants to work with a wider circle of investors, and updated the system to the newest version – Hyperledger Fabric.

To process the transaction, National Settlement Depository provided its own decentralised blockchain platform based on Hyperledger Fabric 1.1. Sberbank CIB was the sole manager on the issue and main buyer of the issue of MTS' bonds with a six-month maturity term for a total sum of RUB750m.

The system processes only digitalised assets, making the process of placing, circulating, and record keeping securities highly transparent. Each party to the transaction can exchange documents online and follow the transactions’ status. Settlements are conducted directly in the record keeping system, and this accelerates the process of concluding the transaction.

The selected cryptographic protection scheme let all operations be conducted electronically using the signatures of the Moscow Exchange Group’s clients. The source code of smart contracts is available at https://github.com/altoros/nsd-commercial-paper/; it is open in accordance with the requirements of the Hyperledger project in which Sberbank and the Moscow Exchange Group have been participating since 2016.

“NSD was one of first Russian companies which were interested in blockchain. In the first quarter of 2017, NSD began developing the prototype of the platform to conduct bond transactions. The Sberbank and MTS transaction was the first one which gave blockchain the status of an industrial technology which ensured confidentiality and accelerated securities settlements. Our final task is to create digital asset accounting infrastructure together with market leaders; the existence of the infrastructure is a crucial condition for institutional investors to enter our market and for the market’s successful development and increase in its capitalisation," explains Eddie Astanin, chair of the executive board of NSD.

Hetbert

比特大陆官方确认，将与Circle合作发行基于以太坊的美元锚定币





比特大陆将与Circle合作开发基于以太坊的美元锚定币——与法币挂钩的加密通证，与美元挂钩的货币，称为USD Coin或者Circle USDC。吴忌寒称，这是比特大陆对“私人央行”愿景的第一步，这是一种基于区块链算法的货币，与政府没有联系。此前Financial Times报道，比特大陆将向Circle E论融资投资1.1亿美元。同时，CNBC报道，由高盛支持的支付公司Circle正在推出一种数字版的美元，这是一种与货币挂钩的数字货币。比特大陆相关人士向《币世界》证实，上述发币消息属实。

高盛投资的Circle 12月到2月加密币场外交易额三个月累计750亿美元，收入2.3亿美元, 二月份以4亿美元的价格收购了加密币交易所Poloniex。

The 'bitcoin unicorn' club now has another member.

Announced Tuesday, Circle has closed a $110 million Series E fundraising, a figure that effectively values the startup at nearly $3 billion, according to figures from the company. Led by China-based mining outfit Bitmain, the round includes support from Accel, Blockchain Capital, Breyer, Digital Currency Group, General Catalyst, IDG, Pantera and Tusk Ventures.

With the funding, the company is also revealing an ambitious plan to bolster its products and services by launching a "US dollar coin," or a blockchain native asset that would be both regulated and backed by real government currency, through its affiliate CENTRE project.

In this way, Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire framed the round as one that helps it position itself as a true conglomerate of cryptocurrency services, as opposed to just an exchange or payment startup, both characterizations having been given to the company in the past.

Allaire told CoinDesk:

"A core part of vision is open-protocols that would enable the free movement of value. A real critical piece is there has to be open, interoperable standards for our how fiat money can move over blockchains. That's where fiat stablecoins and payment protocols come into play."

More than a technical novelty, Allaire positioned the stablecoin project as essential to Circle's maturation and continued expansion, painting it as integral for its mobile payments application, its over-the-counter (OTC) trading business and its exchange service.

The launch also comes at a time when Silicon Valley investors have shown a preference for investments in such products, owing to the massive role stablecoins play in facilitating global cryptocurrency exchange and the perceived issues with today's market leaders.

It's this vision, Allaire said, that made Bitmain, the controversial cryptocurrency mining giant, a natural fit to lead the funding round.

As recently as March, Bitmain co-CEO Jihan Wu had made appearances at major U.S. conferences where he vowed to back high-tech alternatives to central banking.

"Jihan is a visionary and he is a visionary for changing the global financial order," Allaire said. "They believe in the long-term potential of Circle."

All told, the funding will also help boost staffing at Circle, which today employs more than 200 employees globally in locations including Boston, San Francisco, Dublin, London, Paris, Madrid, Hong Kong, Beijing and Shenzhen.

A new twist on stablecoins
But while Circle's funding round and valuation are likely to grab a majority of headlines, it's perhaps its launch of a US dollar cryptocurrency initiative with participation from Bitmain that may most impact the crypto market.

As noted by Allaire, the play is a strategic one that finds Circle taking aim at one of the most important elements of the crypto economy.

"It's a big piece, as we acquired Poloniex and Poloniex was a crypto-only exchange," Allaire explained. "The way people have handled fiat on an exchange like that has been through something like Tether, and we see a lot of weaknesses and challenges with Tether."

Indeed, Allaire isn't alone, as many commentators have sought to position Tether as a systemic weakness that, through its affiliation with the troubled exchange provider Bitfinex, a company that has struggled with regulatory issues, threatens the integrity of the market.

Yet, it's important to note that Circle will be seeking to take an open approach to its USD-C token, framing it as an open-source project with a more robust governance model.

The vision is that regulated financial institutions, whether they're a crypto exchange or a money transmitter, would be authorized by CENTRE to become issuers of stablecoins, and that many issuers could offer and manage different fiat-backed cryptocurrencies.

"Circle can be an issuer of US dollar coin, Square could be an issuer. If I got US dollar coins from Circle, I could transmit those to another digital wallet for an issuer," he explained.

A foundation for payments
But if all the conversation about exchanges and crypto-plumbing lead to perceptions that Circle is straying from its more consumer-focused products, Allaire was quick to push back.

Rather, Allaire suggested that bolstering the exchange and fiat cryptocurrency ecosystems globally only strengthens products like its original mobile money application, enabling that product to work more effectively at scale in accordance with its original vision.

"To realize the vision for ubiquitous payments, we need there to be currencies that can be stored, settled and used," Allaire continued.

With the funding, the company is also publishing a new white paper on its stablecoin work, as well as an FAQ that will seek to educate others on they can engage in this new market Circle hopes to steward.

Of note in these materials is that all USD-C tokens will be issued on ethereum, a notable detail given the platform's issues in scaling to support its current diversity of users. (The company said more announcements on the project are expected this summer).

Still, the overall message was that this is an effort to bring an opaque offshore market back into the regulated cryptocurrency economy, as Allaire said CENTRE will require members to undergo compliance and balance sheet audits to ensure assets are properly backed.

In this way, Allaire summed up his message succinctly, dismissing existing market alternatives as nothing more than clever "regulatory hacks."

He concluded:

"The CENTRE model is out in the open in a regulated context with real banking connectivity and that's really based on an open standard."


https://www.ft.com/content/9b1cf5dc-582e-11e8-bdb7-f6677d2e1ce8


        China’s biggest bitcoin mining company has led a $110m investment in Circle Internet Financial that values the fast-growing US mobile payments and cryptocurrency trading company at close to $3bn. 

The funding round, led by China’s Bitmain, propels Circle into the top tier of cryptocurrency companies by funds raised and brings together two of the nascent sector’s leading companies from the world’s two largest economies. 

Circle uses the blockchain technology that underpins bitcoin to provide peer-to-peer payment services, but also offers over-the-counter cryptocurrency trading. 

The investment comes as Circle launches a new type of token — a “stablecoin” — backed by fiat currency reserves at a central bank in an attempt to overcome the volatility that has hampered efforts to use cryptocurrencies as a mainstream method of payments. 

“We are creating a stablecoin, the USD Coin, backed by fiat currency reserves,” said Jeremy Allaire, the internet entrepreneur who co-founded Circle in 2013 and whose previous ventures include the online video platform Brightcove. 

“You can’t transmit dollars over the internet, or use them in smart contracts,” said Mr Allaire, referring to self-executing transactions on blockchain technology. “The ability to send a digital currency to anyone with a digital wallet is revolutionary, opening up the world to totally new forms of commerce.” 

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Bitcoin cash is expanding into the void
Bitmain, which is based in Beijing but has offices in other cities including Amsterdam, Tel Aviv and Hong Kong, claims to be the world’s largest provider of high-powered computer servers used for “mining” cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum. 

Miners create new cryptocurrencies by solving complex maths problems to validate new transactions. The reliance on raw computing power makes the energy-hungry process more akin to industrial manufacturing than traditional high-technology businesses. 

China has recently started clamping down on cryptocurrency mining companies, as well as bitcoin exchanges and token issues for initial coin offerings. Bitmain has been expanding its operations outside China and has plans to open US bitcoin mining centres. 

Circle said Bitmain would help it to introduce other “stablecoins” — backed by different fiat currencies — and to help them become interoperable around the world. 

Some cryptocurrencies have been tied to cash deposits before, such as Tether, which is linked to US dollar deposits. But Tether has faced scepticism about the opaqueness of those reserves, which Mr Allaire said Circle would address by being more transparent. 

Mr Allaire said Circle turned cash-flow positive for the first time last year. It handled more than $75bn of cryptocurrency transactions between December and February, generating $250m of revenue, he said. Its user base has grown almost fivefold to 7m in more than 200 countries in the past year. 

The Boston-based company provides cryptocurrency investment and trading services, as well as a free payments service for people to send US dollars, pounds sterling and euros across borders. Earlier this year it acquired Poloniex, the US cryptocurrency exchange, in a deal reportedly worth $400m. 

It plans to expand from 230 staff to more than 400 by the end of the year and already has offices in New York, San Francisco, Dublin, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Beijing and Hong Kong. 

The latest funding round takes the total raised by Circle to more than $240m. Existing investors putting in fresh money include IDG Capital, Breyer Capital, General Catalyst, Accel, Digital Currency Group and Pantera, while Blockchain Capital and Tusk Ventures have become new investors. Goldman Sachs has previously invested in Circle but was not part of the latest round.

Hetbert

报告：区块链等技术将改变财富管理传统业务逻辑

波士顿咨询公司与陆金所近日在上海联合发布《全球数字财富管理报告2018：科技驱动、铸就信任、重塑价值》。报告认为，作为与财富科技相关度最高的四项技术，大数据、人工智能、区块链和机器人流程自动化将在客户画像与分析、规划与配置、交易与执行、组合管理等环节改变传统业务逻辑。