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本帖最后由 oxygen 于 2018-3-19 00:44 编辑
又重读了一遍《动物庄园》，历史悲剧反复出现。
小说写于1944年，作者是英国作家乔治·奥威尔。 他还写了另一部小说《1984》，也是关于乌托邦的。该书到今天，还是有很强的现实意义。如开始的创业伙伴， 大家平等且共同奋斗， 但有了成绩，总有人在贪欲的驱使下，把其他人驱逐出去而独霸公司。
故事虚拟了一个马诺尔庄园（Manor Farm），主人是约翰。因酗酒而忘记喂养庄园的动物，动物被压迫而反抗，赶走约翰，成立的共和庄园。但最后又退变成马诺尔庄园，改变的是主人由约翰变成了一头猪，名字叫拿破仑。书的序言中讲述本书在英国出版时的艰难，主要原因是因为该书把斯大林影射为一头猪，拿破仑（Napoleon），动物庄园革命的领导者之一，后来通过暴力政变成为庄园的领袖。约翰为末代沙皇， 雪球（Snowball），动物庄园革命的领导者之一，后被拿破仑驱逐出境并宣布为革命的敌人，影射托洛茨基。吱嘎/尖嗓（Squealer），拿破仑的忠实支持者，擅于言辞。影射莫洛托夫。
动物在暴动成功后，制订了《七条约法》：
1. 用两条腿的都是敌人。
2. 用四条腿的都是朋友。
3。动物不应该穿衣服。
4. 动物不应该睡床上。
5. 动物不应该酗酒。
6.动物不应该杀动物。
7.所有动物是平等的。
小说讲述了拿破仑如何通过修改《约法》达到集权，重新奴役其他动物的。
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
看一下里面的经典原句吧。
“Loyalty and obedience are more important. And as to the Battle of the Cowshed, I believe the time will come when we shall find that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated. Disci- pline, comrades, iron discipline! That is the watchword for today. One false step, and our enemies would be upon us. Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?”
Once again this argument was unanswerable. Certainly the animals did not want Jones back;
“忠诚和服从更重要。 至于牛棚之战，我相信我们会发现猪头雪球（拿破仑的竞争者）参与其中的部分被夸大了。 纪律，同志，铁纪律！ 一个错误的行动会导致我们的敌人重新占领这里。 当然，同志们，你不想让约翰回来吧？“
论述无可辨驳。 当然，这些动物不希望琼斯回来;
The windmill, however, had not after all been used for generating electrical power. It was used for milling corn, and brought in a handsome money profit. The animals were hard at work building yet another windmill; when that one was finished, so it was said, the dynamos would be installed. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally.
Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer—except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. It was not that these creatures did not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organisation of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files,” “reports,” “minutes,” and “memoranda.” These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their own labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good.
然而，风车还没有被用于发电。它被用于碾玉米，并带来丰厚的利润。动物们正在努力建造另一座风车;当那一个完成时，据说，发电机将被安装。但是，雪球曾经教过动物梦想的奢侈品，电灯和热水，以及一周三天的工作时间，都不再被提及。拿破仑谴责这样的观点与动物主义精神相违背。他说，真正的幸福在于努力工作，节俭生活。
不知何故，似乎农场变得越来越富有而没有让动物本身变得更富 - 当然除了猪和狗之外。也许这部分是因为有那么多的猪和那么多的狗。这并不是说这些猪狗没有工作。正如尖嗓（拿破仑的追随者）从来没有厌倦解释过的那样，在农场的监督和组织工作中有无尽的工作。这些工作大部分都是其他动物无知无法理解的。例如，尖嗓告诉他们猪每天必须在神秘的事物上花费大量的劳动，这些神秘的东西叫做“档案”，“报告”，“纪要”和“备忘录”。这些是大片的纸，必须花很多时间，一旦他们被写出，为了保密，他们不得不在炉子里烧毁。 尖嗓说，这对农场的福祉至关重要。但是，无论是猪还是狗都不是靠自己的劳动生产任何食物的; 但他们中有很多人，胃口总是很好。
As for the others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, they slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they labored in the fields; in winter they were troubled by the cold, and in summer by the flies. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion, when Jones’s expulsion was still recent, things had been better or worse than now. They could not remember. There was nothing with which they could compare their present lives: they had nothing to go upon except Squealer’s lists of figures,
which invariably demonstrated that everything was get- ting better and better. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case, they had little time for speculating on such things now. Only old Benjamin professed to remember every detail of his long life and to know that things never had been, nor ever could be much better or much worse—hunger, hardship, and disappointment being, so he said, the unalterable law of life.
至于其他人，就他们所知，他们的生活和以往一样。他们一般都很饥饿，他们睡在稻草上，他们在池中喝水，他们在田里劳作;在冬天，他们在严寒击打，夏天被苍蝇困扰。有时候，他们中的年长者在他们的朦胧记忆中，试图确定在庄园独立初期，约翰被驱逐的时候，情况比现在好或差。他们不记得了。他们没有什么可以比较他们现在的生活：除了尖嗓的数字列表之外，他们没有什么可以继续下去的，
这总是表明一切都变得越来越好。动物发现问题是无解的;无论如何，他们现在几乎没有时间揣测这种事情。只有老本杰明自称记住他漫长的生活的每一个细节，并且知道事情从未发生过，也从未有过更好或更糟 - 饥饿，困难和失望总在，因此他说，这是不可改变的生活规律。 |
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