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本帖最后由 小小白虎 于 2018-3-28 10:57 编辑
1. 书写文字的出现及意义——从图画到文字
The earliest known written languages was found 6000 years ago. The "proto-literate" period of Sumerian writing spans c. 3300 to 3000 BC.
Written languages are very essential to human civilization, as they help us to transfer the knowledge and consolidate our memory. Without the written language, history becomes legend and legend becomes myth. The phenomenon of same symbol appearing multiple times is the key to distinguish a character from dawning.
2.中国最早的几种文字记录及其载体——后母戊鼎、睡虎地秦简、马王堆帛书
Three samples of the Chinese characters in the history (before the invention of paper)
Left - Chinese bronze inscriptions on the interior wall of a bronze ding——"Queen Mother Wu"(around 3000 years ago)
Middle - The picture in the middle is about the bamboo text of Qin Dynasty which was around 2,300 years ago.
Right - Chinese philosophical and medical works written on silk.It was written 2,100 years ago.
3.唯一现存（还被使用）的语素文字——中文
Chinese characters are logograms primarily used in the writing of Chinese. They constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world.
4.语素文字和表音文字的区别
In written language, a logogram is a written character that represents a word or phrase. In alphabets and syllabaries, individual written characters represent sounds rather than concepts. These characters are called phonograms. Unlike logograms, phonograms do not necessarily have meaning by themselves, but are combined to make words and phrases that have meaning.
5.解密现存最早的中文——甲骨文
The story of recognition the oracle bone inscriptions as ancient writing
6.从形象猜意思
Four pictures of the oracle bones—animal bones or turtle plastrons used in pyromaniac divination.
Try to guess the meaning of an oracle bone script.
7.组合文字——举例：好/明/和等
Photo showing of some Chinese characters and its creative combination.
8.文字演变——甲骨文/金文——篆体——隶书——楷书/草书/行书——简体中文
Oracle Bone Script
Seal Script
Clerical Script
Semi-cursive script
Cursive Script
Modern form of these characters
9.其他已经消失的语素文字——举例埃及象形文字和玛雅文字
Other logogram in the world history - Egyptian hieroglyphs and Maya script
10.中文之美——大道至简
The beauty of the Chinese characters - simplicity is beauty / less is more
11.汉字之美——书法欣赏
Having a logogram written language, Chinese people consider calligraphy as a very important form of visual art. Chinese calligraphy is a form of aesthetically pleasing writing, or, the artistic expression of human language in a tangible form. This type of expression has been widely practiced in China and has been generally held in high esteem in the Chinese cultural sphere.
12.中国‘和’文化
In the long history of Chinese civilization, harmony has always been a highly valued virtue.
Confucius, the greatest philosopher and educators in the Chinese history, once said in his book ‘harmony is most precious’. Mozi, another great thinker and scientist in the same era of Confucius, educated people to ‘loving each other and benefiting each other’.
These thoughts from 2,500 years ago influenced Chinese people for centuries, and they became the core values of the Chinese culture.
13.文房四宝
The ink brush, ink, paper, and inkstone are essential implements of Chinese calligraphy. They are known together as the Four Treasures of the Study.
The other "Treasures" include the brush-holder (笔架), brush-hanger (笔挂), paperweights (镇纸), the brush-rinsing pot (笔洗), and the seal (圖章) and seal-ink (印泥).
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