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HTTP访问的细节 [复制链接]

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发表于 2017-2-10 14:55 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 yichuan 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 yichuan 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
当我们在浏览器输入web域名 或 IP的时候,浏览器会发出HTTP request,网上查的说第一个request是GET.
可是,有一点细节不明白,第一次的时候怎么知道服务器那端的主页URI是什么?
如果不输入URI,好像还不行,但是不知道默认首页,就用根目录吧。
我有一个TCP客户端软件,在里面写上
GET / HTTP/1.1


发送到感兴趣的网址后,有的可能会给出正确的反应,有的直接报错。

请专业人士指点解惑一下,谢谢!
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发表于 2017-2-10 14:59 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 fevin86 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 fevin86 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
服务器端会做相应的转发,或者返回一个转发响应给客户端,客户端处理后做另一个请求
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发表于 2017-2-10 15:03 |显示全部楼层
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fevin86 发表于 2017-2-10 15:59
服务器端会做相应的转发,或者返回一个转发响应给客户端,客户端处理后做另一个请求 ...

想先跟你确认一下,是否第一个请求就是下面这个(根目录的访问)?
GET / HTTP/1.1



这个请求发出后,如果对方不支持、报错,怎么办呢?

发表于 2017-2-10 15:12 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 fevin86 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 fevin86 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
可以尝试去猜网站的主页地址,例如home.*之类的。或者尝试访问sitemap或者robots.txt这些文件。

当然也可以暴力穷举
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发表于 2017-2-10 15:13 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 yichuan 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 yichuan 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
本帖最后由 yichuan 于 2017-2-10 16:32 编辑
fevin86 发表于 2017-2-10 16:12
可以尝试去猜网站的主页地址,例如home.*之类的。或者尝试访问sitemap或者robots.txt这些文件。

当然也可 ...


实际中是如何做的?有没有网友写过浏览器这样的程序?

发表于 2017-2-20 11:04 |显示全部楼层
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发表于 2017-2-20 11:35 |显示全部楼层
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没有那么简单。具体细节要去读specification: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616.
第一个请求URI取决于你想访问哪一个网址,要放到GET request里。例如:
GET http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TheProject.html HTTP/1.1
还有很多可选参数在request header里。当收到response以后要根据spec和status code及时处理. 有时处理不及时server端一样报错。server端不可能永远等下去。每个http server根据需要对request的支持和容错都不一样,但是都符合spec.

发表于 2017-2-20 12:33 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 righttang 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 righttang 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
诶?为什么这么简单的一个问题会讨论得越来越复杂?

如果你配置过服务器,就拿Apache Http Server来说,有一个选项,是叫DirectoryIndex
一般这个配置是在.htaccess里面,

假设我的配置是这样的,这个似乎默认配置
DirectoryIndex index.html
他的作用就是,当你GET请求是请求某一个目录,他就会自动跳转到index.html

如果你是一个PHP的网站,
那配置很有可能是 DirectoryIndex index.php
这样当你用户请求到  http://www.example.com/ 的时候,服务端会直接会用http://www.example.com/index.php  serve你的request

根本不是乱猜的- -
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发表于 2017-2-24 14:43 |显示全部楼层
此文章由 yichuan 原创或转贴,不代表本站立场和观点,版权归 oursteps.com.au 和作者 yichuan 所有!转贴必须注明作者、出处和本声明,并保持内容完整
Mushroomm 发表于 2017-2-20 12:35
没有那么简单。具体细节要去读specification: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616.
第一个请求URI取决于 ...

谢谢回复。
在客户端的c程序中调用GET,第一次里面的URI应该写什么呢?
比如我要访问www.google.com.au
我刚才打了如下内容
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.google.com.au
<CRLF>
<CRLF>

发送到172.217.25.227:80
然后收到如下回复
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2017 04:40:06 GMT
Expires: -1
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See https://www.google.com/support/accounts/answer/151657?hl=en for more info."
Server: gws
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Set-Cookie: NID=97=BLvFwkr4vyg1St2w2d4iWwaR4Du77Kpv15-7mdZPady3Ien8tfwC6TwxKhO0iv6Zfp-eNZr3rPoCx2E-rY3gmuQe71ezT6c7QBOBfkL_pVb_XqzL8OdvWwZo70xv9PBe; expires=Sat, 26-Aug-2017 04:40:06 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com.au; HttpOnly
Accept-Ranges: none
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

8000
<!doctype html><html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en-AU"><head><meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><meta content="/images/branding/googleg/1x/googleg_standard_color_128dp.png" itemprop="image"><title>Google</title><script>(function(){window.google={kEI:'JrmvWO3sNtHq8AXxnYjIBQ',kEXPI:'1351827,1351903,1352241,1352623,3700062,3700279,3700347,3700383,4029815,4032678,4038012,4043492,4045841,4048347,4052811,4062666,4064904,4065786,4069773,4071842,4072777,4073405,4073726,4073959,4076096,4076999,4077776,4078438,4078761,4079105,4079894,4081039,4081164,4083476,4083496,4084179,4086011,4086072,4089003,4089183,4090550,4090555,4090806,4090876,4090893,4091028,4092232,4092475,4092479,4092897,4092934,4093121,4093191,4093498,4093622,4093948,4094253,4094544,4094764,4095381,4095768,4095907,4095998,4096324,4096472,4096742,4096834,4097082,4097089,4097129,4097153,4097204,4097922,4097929,4098052,4098611,4098721,4098728,4098752,4099309,4099380,4099762,4099809,4099810,4099880,4100155,4100174,4100230,8300096,8300272,8300480,8507380,8508607,8508623,8509870,10200083,10200096,10202230',authuser:0,kscs:'c9c918f0_24'};google.kHL='en-AU';})();(function(){google.lc=[];google.li=0;google.getEI=function(a){for(var 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